{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185114446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474151","title":"An Improved STBP for Training High-Accuracy and Low-Spike-Count Spiking Neural Networks","display_name":"An Improved STBP for Training High-Accuracy and Low-Spike-Count Spiking Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185114446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474151","mag":"3185114446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001053719","display_name":"Pai-Yu Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-888X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pai-Yu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075548524","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-7908"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Wen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008813715","display_name":"Juin\u2010Ming Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-1349"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juin-Ming Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75814647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"575","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.8778402805328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.71196448802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.6476186513900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.6323901414871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5099231004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4683372974395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34289443492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33175474405288696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.8778402805328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.71196448802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.6476186513900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6323901414871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5099231004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4683372974395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34289443492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33175474405288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1118028094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109A-2069-EA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322214","funder_display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2093891772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2218-E-007-025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322214","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1645800954","https://openalex.org/W2020676607","https://openalex.org/W2110654393","https://openalex.org/W2183631084","https://openalex.org/W2233731247","https://openalex.org/W2314470091","https://openalex.org/W2513853720","https://openalex.org/W2618255684","https://openalex.org/W2620474507","https://openalex.org/W2621826044","https://openalex.org/W2775079417","https://openalex.org/W2779025322","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2796426829","https://openalex.org/W2808550672","https://openalex.org/W2892077605","https://openalex.org/W2914529066","https://openalex.org/W2947957795","https://openalex.org/W2962684665","https://openalex.org/W2962908174","https://openalex.org/W2963743287","https://openalex.org/W2963760575","https://openalex.org/W2964338223","https://openalex.org/W2981101011","https://openalex.org/W3006426821","https://openalex.org/W3007283957","https://openalex.org/W3092176129","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W3104409553","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4288337556","https://openalex.org/W6686394896","https://openalex.org/W6689286705","https://openalex.org/W6739434765","https://openalex.org/W6750237799","https://openalex.org/W6752051825","https://openalex.org/W6763485331","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W4306175885","https://openalex.org/W4312604567","https://openalex.org/W2971489542","https://openalex.org/W2316171798","https://openalex.org/W4297619707","https://openalex.org/W2891563706","https://openalex.org/W2583316550","https://openalex.org/W2101433970","https://openalex.org/W1994074429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"Neural":[1,26],"Networks":[2],"(SNNs)":[3],"that":[4],"facilitate":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"neuromorphic":[7,51],"hardware":[8,183],"are":[9],"getting":[10],"increasing":[11],"attention.":[12],"Directly":[13],"training":[14],"SNN":[15],"with":[16,24],"backpropagation":[17],"has":[18,37],"already":[19],"shown":[20],"competitive":[21],"accuracy":[22,85,153,162],"compared":[23],"Deep":[25],"Networks.":[27],"Besides":[28],"the":[29,31,42,50,73,84,88,96,100,106,112,132,138,142,148,174,180,186],"accuracy,":[30],"number":[32],"of":[33,99,141,150],"spikes":[34],"per":[35,91,167],"inference":[36,168],"a":[38,117],"direct":[39],"impact":[40],"on":[41,62,169],"processing":[43],"time":[44],"and":[45,163],"energy":[46],"once":[47],"employed":[48],"in":[49,185],"processors.":[52],"However,":[53],"previous":[54],"direct-training":[55,75],"algorithms":[56],"do":[57],"not":[58,82],"put":[59],"great":[60],"emphasis":[61],"this":[63,66,156],"metric.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"paper":[67],"proposes":[68],"four":[69],"enhancing":[70],"schemes":[71,128],"for":[72,179],"existing":[74],"algorithm,":[76],"Spatio-Temporal":[77],"Back-Propagation":[78],"(STBP),":[79],"to":[80,104,115,129,146],"improve":[81],"only":[83],"but":[86],"also":[87],"spike":[89,126,165],"count":[90,166],"inference.":[92],"We":[93],"first":[94],"modify":[95],"reset":[97],"mechanism":[98],"spiking":[101],"neuron":[102],"model":[103],"address":[105],"information":[107],"loss":[108],"issue,":[109],"which":[110],"enables":[111],"firing":[113,144],"threshold":[114],"be":[116],"trainable":[118],"variable.":[119],"Then":[120],"we":[121,136,158],"propose":[122],"two":[123],"novel":[124],"output":[125],"decoding":[127],"effectively":[130],"utilize":[131],"spatio-temporal":[133],"information.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"reformulate":[137],"derivative":[139],"approximation":[140],"non-differentiable":[143],"function":[145],"simplify":[147],"computation":[149],"STBP":[151,176],"without":[152],"loss.":[154],"In":[155],"way,":[157],"can":[159],"achieve":[160],"higher":[161],"lower":[164],"image":[170],"classification":[171],"tasks.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"enhanced":[175],"is":[177],"feasible":[178],"on-line":[181],"learning":[182],"implementation":[184],"future.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
