{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186132525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474148","title":"Improving the energy efficiency of STT-MRAM based approximate cache","display_name":"Improving the energy efficiency of STT-MRAM based approximate cache","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186132525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474148","mag":"3186132525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091638734","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, (school of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, (school of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579426","display_name":"Wei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, (school of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, (school of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057421680","display_name":"Dan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065959266","display_name":"Jingning Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-7422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingning Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002630217","display_name":"Zhangyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-3693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, (school of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, (school of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101631214","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075206805","display_name":"Bing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-8399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048305713","display_name":"Chengning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of data storage systems and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461646","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hikstor Technology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikstor Technology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091638734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9425,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72883436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1104","last_page":"1109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.803473949432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.7660025358200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.6406995058059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5779238939285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5681160688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.538644552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.5339051485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.46050024032592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.4308859705924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cache","display_name":"Smart Cache","score":0.4273110628128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.38170650601387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3736755847930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33745232224464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.2668266296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10924771428108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07754525542259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.07448670268058777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.803473949432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.7660025358200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.6406995058059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5779238939285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5681160688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.538644552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.5339051485061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.46050024032592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.4308859705924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167713795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"Smart Cache","level":5,"score":0.4273110628128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.38170650601387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3736755847930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33745232224464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.2668266296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10924771428108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07754525542259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.07448670268058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5032600686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832007,61821003,61772222,U1705261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1966914504","https://openalex.org/W2003777196","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2020517863","https://openalex.org/W2030922317","https://openalex.org/W2097823832","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2162752393","https://openalex.org/W2237415205","https://openalex.org/W2328779143","https://openalex.org/W2433248078","https://openalex.org/W2535375934","https://openalex.org/W2554131156","https://openalex.org/W2562506265","https://openalex.org/W2567051523","https://openalex.org/W2605265333","https://openalex.org/W2612832886","https://openalex.org/W2743069335","https://openalex.org/W2771142068","https://openalex.org/W2808834131","https://openalex.org/W2899817918","https://openalex.org/W2946619334","https://openalex.org/W3092233890","https://openalex.org/W4232751114","https://openalex.org/W4236372686","https://openalex.org/W4236638837","https://openalex.org/W4236799817","https://openalex.org/W4238443827","https://openalex.org/W4240232362","https://openalex.org/W4248591063","https://openalex.org/W6737322433","https://openalex.org/W6752272439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109715593","https://openalex.org/W3036890672","https://openalex.org/W57688818","https://openalex.org/W2012518269","https://openalex.org/W2100416723","https://openalex.org/W1965672293","https://openalex.org/W2068986894","https://openalex.org/W4234542536","https://openalex.org/W4235221324","https://openalex.org/W2143317419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"computing":[1,105],"applications":[2],"lead":[3],"to":[4,25,45,70,81,115,120,140],"large":[5],"energy":[6,129,154,165],"consumption":[7],"and":[8,29,49,166,176],"performance":[9],"demand":[10],"for":[11,190],"the":[12,61,117,122,127,143,168,180,191,194],"memory":[13],"system.":[14],"However,":[15,52],"traditional":[16],"SRAM":[17],"based":[18,76,132],"cache":[19,43,78,100],"cannot":[20],"satisfy":[21],"these":[22],"demands":[23],"due":[24,44],"high":[26,50,56],"leakage":[27,47],"power":[28,48],"limited":[30],"density.":[31,51],"Spin":[32],"Transfer":[33],"Torque":[34],"Magnetic":[35],"RAM":[36],"(STT-MRAM)":[37],"is":[38],"a":[39,137],"promising":[40],"candidate":[41],"of":[42,63,130,196],"low":[46],"STT-MRAM":[53,75,131],"suffers":[54],"from":[55],"write":[57,128,164],"energy.":[58,88],"To":[59],"leverage":[60],"ability":[62],"tolerating":[64],"acceptable":[65],"quality":[66],"loss":[67],"via":[68],"approximations":[69],"data,":[71],"we":[72,135],"propose":[73],"an":[74],"APProximate":[77],"architecture":[79],"(APPcache)":[80],"write/read":[82],"approximate":[83,104],"data":[84,123,171],"thus":[85,125,152],"largely":[86],"reducing":[87,126],"We":[89],"find":[90],"many":[91],"similar":[92,118,150],"elements":[93,119],"(e.g.":[94],"pixels":[95],"in":[96,99],"images)":[97],"existing":[98],"lines":[101],"while":[102],"running":[103],"applications.":[106],"Therefore,":[107],"APPcache":[108,146],"uses":[109],"several":[110],"lightweight":[111],"similarity-based":[112],"encoding":[113],"schemes":[114],"eliminate":[116,149],"reduce":[121,163],"size":[124],"cache.":[133],"Besides,":[134],"design":[136],"software":[138],"interface":[139],"manually":[141],"control":[142],"output":[144,192],"quality.":[145],"can":[147,162],"significantly":[148],"elements,":[151],"improving":[153],"efficiency.":[155],"Experimental":[156],"results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"our":[160],"scheme":[161,182],"improve":[167],"image":[169],"raw":[170],"compression":[172],"ratio":[173],"by":[174],"21.9%":[175],"38.0%":[177],"compared":[178],"with":[179,183,202],"state-of-the-art":[181],"1":[184,203],"%":[185,204],"error":[186,205],"rate,":[187],"respectively.":[188],"As":[189],"quality,":[193],"losses":[195],"all":[197],"benchmarks":[198],"are":[199],"within":[200],"5%":[201],"rate.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}