{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183941871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474144","title":"Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips","display_name":"Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183941871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474144","mag":"3183941871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006106545","display_name":"Mahmoud Elfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-1255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Elfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040267274","display_name":"Tung-Che Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-2611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung-Che Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086742584","display_name":"Miroslav Paji\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-0117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Pajic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"324","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.9782286882400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectrode","display_name":"Microelectrode","score":0.8361452221870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.610799252986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5753408074378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lab-on-a-chip","display_name":"Lab-on-a-chip","score":0.5642051696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.558394730091095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.5330430865287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioassay","display_name":"Bioassay","score":0.5005037784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.4285372197628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.40397897362709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.38344424962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3454168140888214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34351015090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.32818979024887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3240694999694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2213541567325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17491382360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1039336621761322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.9782286882400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111670793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979465","display_name":"Microelectrode","level":3,"score":0.8361452221870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.610799252986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5753408074378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138942068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633261","display_name":"Lab-on-a-chip","level":3,"score":0.5642051696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.558394730091095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.5330430865287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104488531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864212","display_name":"Bioassay","level":2,"score":0.5005037784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4285372197628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.40397897362709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38344424962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3454168140888214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34351015090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.32818979024887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3240694999694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2213541567325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17491382360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1039336621761322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4639441110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1914796","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484928346","https://openalex.org/W1656616130","https://openalex.org/W1987214109","https://openalex.org/W1995473702","https://openalex.org/W2003295114","https://openalex.org/W2004108400","https://openalex.org/W2028403985","https://openalex.org/W2028463554","https://openalex.org/W2070269462","https://openalex.org/W2072660350","https://openalex.org/W2084703732","https://openalex.org/W2109649357","https://openalex.org/W2116725029","https://openalex.org/W2132850326","https://openalex.org/W2135474435","https://openalex.org/W2140911286","https://openalex.org/W2142937706","https://openalex.org/W2150163220","https://openalex.org/W2155340813","https://openalex.org/W2347764665","https://openalex.org/W2510328378","https://openalex.org/W2536068666","https://openalex.org/W2588455182","https://openalex.org/W2738687125","https://openalex.org/W2759660240","https://openalex.org/W2762896201","https://openalex.org/W2799453471","https://openalex.org/W2903853891","https://openalex.org/W2998070878","https://openalex.org/W3007374234","https://openalex.org/W3026514964","https://openalex.org/W3035746247","https://openalex.org/W3041097397","https://openalex.org/W3042980517","https://openalex.org/W3081542135","https://openalex.org/W4244008682","https://openalex.org/W4249480953","https://openalex.org/W6680237511","https://openalex.org/W6705627412","https://openalex.org/W6741740795","https://openalex.org/W6756742457","https://openalex.org/W6777489699","https://openalex.org/W6779611518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995422305","https://openalex.org/W2080016274","https://openalex.org/W4280508200","https://openalex.org/W2154811012","https://openalex.org/W2188930786","https://openalex.org/W4392425192","https://openalex.org/W2017735662","https://openalex.org/W1489367151","https://openalex.org/W2020086507","https://openalex.org/W2146795298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,16],"digital":[1],"microfluidic":[2],"biochip":[3,44,99],"(DMFB)":[4],"enables":[5],"the":[6,65,89,94,102,136,155],"miniaturization":[7],"of":[8,19,30,67,92,157],"immunoassays,":[9],"point-of-care":[10],"clinical":[11],"diagnostics,":[12],"and":[13,32,56,69,116],"DNA":[14],"sequencing.":[15],"recent":[17],"generation":[18],"DMFBs":[20],"uses":[21],"a":[22,42,80,97,109,117],"micro-electrode-dot-array":[23],"(MEDA)":[24],"architecture,":[25],"which":[26],"provides":[27],"fine-grained":[28],"control":[29],"droplets":[31],"real-time":[33,137],"droplet":[34,114,122,128],"sensing":[35,104],"using":[36],"CMOS":[37],"technology.":[38],"However,":[39],"microelectrodes":[40,68,95],"in":[41,96],"MEDA":[43,98],"can":[45,87,125],"degrade":[46],"due":[47],"to":[48,64],"charge":[49],"trapping":[50],"when":[51],"they":[52],"are":[53],"repeatedly":[54],"charged":[55],"discharged":[57],"during":[58],"bioassay":[59,71,159],"execution;":[60],"such":[61,84],"degradation":[62],"leads":[63],"failure":[66],"erroneous":[70],"outcomes.":[72],"To":[73],"address":[74],"this":[75],"problem,":[76],"we":[77,86,107],"first":[78],"introduce":[79],"new":[81],"microelectrode-cell":[82],"design":[83],"that":[85,124,151],"obtain":[88],"health":[90,138],"status":[91],"all":[93],"by":[100],"employing":[101],"inherent":[103],"mechanism.":[105],"Next,":[106],"present":[108],"stochastic":[110],"game-based":[111],"model":[112],"for":[113,121,146],"manipulation,":[115],"formal":[118],"synthesis":[119],"method":[120,153],"routing":[123],"dynamically":[126],"change":[127],"transportation":[129],"routes.":[130],"This":[131],"adaptation":[132],"is":[133],"based":[134],"on":[135,164],"information":[139],"obtained":[140],"from":[141],"microelectrodes.":[142],"Comprehensive":[143],"simulation":[144],"results":[145],"four":[147],"real-life":[148],"bioassays":[149],"show":[150],"our":[152],"increases":[154],"likelihood":[156],"successful":[158],"completion":[160],"with":[161],"negligible":[162],"impact":[163],"time-to-results.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}