{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138339483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474094","title":"Reliability-Aware Quantization for Anti-Aging NPUs","display_name":"Reliability-Aware Quantization for Anti-Aging NPUs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138339483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474094","mag":"3138339483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04812","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065141303","display_name":"Sami Salamin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Salamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051495057","display_name":"Georgios Zervakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-7122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Zervakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069848169","display_name":"Ourania Spantidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-1607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ourania Spantidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, U.S.A","Southern Illinois University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Carbondale,U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Carbondale,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052217926","display_name":"Iraklis Anagnostopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-3045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iraklis Anagnostopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, U.S.A","Southern Illinois University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Carbondale,U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Carbondale,U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063508488","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Henkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorg Henkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hussam Amrouch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussam Amrouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Embedded Systems (CES), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02948891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1460","last_page":"1465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7246547341346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7172672152519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6977446675300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6729163527488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6587923169136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5714809894561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5623602867126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.419822633266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35715603828430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33387959003448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19002023339271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15007367730140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14855876564979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07206094264984131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7246547341346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7172672152519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6977446675300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6729163527488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6587923169136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5714809894561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5623602867126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.419822633266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35715603828430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33387959003448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19002023339271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15007367730140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14855876564979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07206094264984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.04812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.04812","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3138339483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.04812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.04812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.04812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.04812","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04812","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W324409780","https://openalex.org/W2013135496","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2167021379","https://openalex.org/W2342766585","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2625439172","https://openalex.org/W2758098003","https://openalex.org/W2780706692","https://openalex.org/W2809624076","https://openalex.org/W2898581147","https://openalex.org/W2904569294","https://openalex.org/W2943267175","https://openalex.org/W2953212265","https://openalex.org/W2958306322","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2970601456","https://openalex.org/W3008930998","https://openalex.org/W3011748007","https://openalex.org/W3091745343","https://openalex.org/W6753069482","https://openalex.org/W6767298317","https://openalex.org/W6770056184","https://openalex.org/W6782412472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184673655","https://openalex.org/W2781905729","https://openalex.org/W124901563","https://openalex.org/W567891162","https://openalex.org/W2998558238","https://openalex.org/W2135520899","https://openalex.org/W2909288409","https://openalex.org/W765418392","https://openalex.org/W2943604793","https://openalex.org/W2125890858","https://openalex.org/W2608591767","https://openalex.org/W2592389822","https://openalex.org/W2967902529","https://openalex.org/W2532349170","https://openalex.org/W2093985935","https://openalex.org/W76368687","https://openalex.org/W3197810343","https://openalex.org/W2734249077","https://openalex.org/W1985409225","https://openalex.org/W2111977986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transistor":[0],"aging":[1,84,156],"is":[2,60,138],"one":[3],"of":[4,19,109,131,154],"the":[5,17,57,61,75,105,110,122,134,142,152,155],"major":[6],"concerns":[7],"that":[8,126],"challenges":[9],"designers":[10],"in":[11,30,86],"advanced":[12],"technologies.":[13],"It":[14],"profoundly":[15],"degrades":[16],"reliability":[18],"circuits":[20],"during":[21],"its":[22],"lifetime":[23,130],"as":[24],"it":[25,48],"slows":[26],"down":[27],"transistors":[28],"resulting":[29],"errors":[31],"due":[32,150],"to":[33,43,50,77,82,151],"timing":[34],"violations":[35],"unless":[36],"large":[37],"guardbands":[38],"are":[39,74],"included,":[40],"which":[41],"leads":[42],"considerable":[44],"performance":[45,65,149],"losses.":[46],"When":[47],"comes":[49],"Neural":[51],"Processing":[52],"Units":[53],"(NPUs),":[54],"where":[55],"increasing":[56],"inference":[58,97],"speed":[59],"primary":[62],"goal,":[63],"such":[64],"losses":[66],"cannot":[67],"be":[68],"tolerated.":[69],"In":[70,141],"this":[71],"work,":[72],"we":[73],"first":[76],"propose":[78],"a":[79,95],"reliability-aware":[80],"quantization":[81],"eliminate":[83],"effects":[85],"NPUs":[87],"while":[88,102],"completely":[89],"removing":[90],"guardbands.":[91],"Our":[92,112],"technique":[93,145],"delivers":[94],"graceful":[96],"accuracy":[98,136],"degradation":[99],"over":[100,114],"time":[101],"compensating":[103],"for":[104,127],"aging-induced":[106],"delay":[107],"increase":[108],"NPU.":[111],"evaluation,":[113],"ten":[115],"state-of-the-art":[116],"neural":[117],"network":[118],"architectures":[119],"trained":[120],"on":[121],"ImageNet":[123],"dataset,":[124],"demonstrates":[125],"an":[128],"entire":[129],"10":[132],"years,":[133],"average":[135],"loss":[137],"merely":[139],"3%.":[140],"meantime,":[143],"our":[144],"achieves":[146],"23%":[147],"higher":[148],"elimination":[153],"guardband.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
