{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185872651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474050","title":"Hardware-Assisted Malware Detection using Machine Learning","display_name":"Hardware-Assisted Malware Detection using Machine Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185872651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474050","mag":"3185872651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013876571","display_name":"Zhixin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-1730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057828326","display_name":"Jennifer Sheldon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-6761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Sheldon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049176569","display_name":"Chamika Sudusinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chamika Sudusinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002849207","display_name":"Subodha Charles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6940-3057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subodha Charles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006818844","display_name":"Prabhat Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90880656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1775","last_page":"1780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.960959255695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8154635429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6160248517990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5630192160606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.5569267868995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.5522869229316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.5201354622840881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.49100354313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3998839855194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3491399586200714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34398728609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28386709094047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1691548228263855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.960959255695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8154635429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6160248517990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5630192160606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.5569267868995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.5522869229316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.5201354622840881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.49100354313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3998839855194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3491399586200714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34398728609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28386709094047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1691548228263855}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1120326906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SaTC-1936040,CCF-1908131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519699895","https://openalex.org/W1968519345","https://openalex.org/W1973403081","https://openalex.org/W1981868262","https://openalex.org/W2001140237","https://openalex.org/W2007388836","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2071289869","https://openalex.org/W2088503757","https://openalex.org/W2113261561","https://openalex.org/W2135305752","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2157225945","https://openalex.org/W2166844173","https://openalex.org/W2213391909","https://openalex.org/W2295366739","https://openalex.org/W2319159802","https://openalex.org/W2513329551","https://openalex.org/W2566616266","https://openalex.org/W2594353089","https://openalex.org/W2604138444","https://openalex.org/W2776869714","https://openalex.org/W2794801050","https://openalex.org/W2807415350","https://openalex.org/W2898648320","https://openalex.org/W2945542962","https://openalex.org/W2945698147","https://openalex.org/W2945980541","https://openalex.org/W2950774332","https://openalex.org/W2955425106","https://openalex.org/W3005753313","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W3036903136","https://openalex.org/W3046945061","https://openalex.org/W3047569725","https://openalex.org/W3080484431","https://openalex.org/W3116877279","https://openalex.org/W3135696753","https://openalex.org/W4234801621","https://openalex.org/W4247833239","https://openalex.org/W4247881240","https://openalex.org/W4294284964","https://openalex.org/W6631261549","https://openalex.org/W6688591054","https://openalex.org/W6734710626","https://openalex.org/W6763120551","https://openalex.org/W6764268162","https://openalex.org/W6779338397","https://openalex.org/W6787576791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620652965","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W4360993664","https://openalex.org/W2465235098","https://openalex.org/W2470029541","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2167003418","https://openalex.org/W2728713145","https://openalex.org/W2171035369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malicious":[0],"software,":[1],"popularly":[2],"known":[3],"as":[4,69,144,146],"malware,":[5],"is":[6,24],"a":[7],"serious":[8,54],"threat":[9,63],"to":[10,46],"modern":[11],"computing":[12],"systems.":[13,110],"A":[14],"comprehensive":[15],"cybercrime":[16],"study":[17],"by":[18,87],"Ponemon":[19],"Institute":[20],"highlights":[21],"that":[22,82],"malware":[23,50,90,106,120,135],"the":[25],"most":[26],"expensive":[27],"attack":[28],"for":[29,104,118,134],"organizations,":[30],"with":[31,53,91],"an":[32],"average":[33],"revenue":[34],"loss":[35],"of":[36,62],"$2.6":[37],"million":[38],"per":[39],"organization":[40],"in":[41,108],"2018":[42],"(11%":[43],"increase":[44],"compared":[45],"2017).":[47],"Recent":[48],"high-profile":[49],"attacks":[51],"coupled":[52],"economic":[55],"implications":[56],"have":[57],"dramatically":[58],"changed":[59],"our":[60],"perception":[61],"from":[64],"malware.":[65],"Software-based":[66],"solutions,":[67],"such":[68],"anti-virus":[70],"programs,":[71],"are":[72,100],"not":[73,101],"effective":[74,133],"since":[75],"they":[76],"rely":[77],"on":[78],"matching":[79],"patterns":[80],"(signatures)":[81],"can":[83,131],"be":[84,132],"easily":[85],"fooled":[86],"carefully":[88],"crafted":[89],"obfuscation":[92],"or":[93],"other":[94],"deviation":[95],"capabilities.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"software-based":[98],"solutions":[99],"fast":[102],"enough":[103],"real-time":[105],"detection":[107,121,136],"safety-critical":[109],"In":[111],"this":[112],"paper,":[113],"we":[114,126],"investigate":[115],"promising":[116],"approaches":[117],"hardware-assisted":[119],"using":[122],"machine":[123,129],"learning.":[124],"Specifically,":[125],"explore":[127],"how":[128],"learning":[130],"utilizing":[137],"hardware":[138],"performance":[139],"counters,":[140],"embedded":[141],"trace":[142],"buffer":[143],"well":[145],"on-chip":[147],"network":[148],"traffic":[149],"analysis.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}