{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183525700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474018","title":"A Deeper Look at the Energy Consumption of Lightweight Block Ciphers","display_name":"A Deeper Look at the Energy Consumption of Lightweight Block Ciphers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183525700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474018","mag":"3183525700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/293728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006307796","display_name":"Andrea Caforio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Caforio","raw_affiliation_strings":["LASEC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LASEC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016153846","display_name":"Fatih Balli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Balli","raw_affiliation_strings":["LASEC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LASEC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005140945","display_name":"Subhadeep Banik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-0154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhadeep Banik","raw_affiliation_strings":["LASEC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LASEC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049456178","display_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-0780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALaRI - USI, Lugano, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALaRI - USI, Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006307796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.42,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68971635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"170","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6689043045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.6431369185447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6416953802108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.48788905143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3658856153488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34787434339523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3432050347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33885908126831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1347607970237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11588400602340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10920563340187073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6689043045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.6431369185447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6416953802108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.48788905143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3658856153488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34787434339523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3432050347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33885908126831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1347607970237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11588400602340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10920563340187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/c38ecf67-8896-4849-ac06-c17b27bf218f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/a-deeper-look-at-the-energy-consumption-of-lightweight-block-ciphers(c38ecf67-8896-4849-ac06-c17b27bf218f).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Caforio, A, Balli, F, Banik, S & Regazzoni, F 2021, A Deeper Look at the Energy Consumption of Lightweight Block Ciphers. in 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2021) : virtual conference 1-5 February 2021. Proceedings, Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 170-175, 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, 1/02/21. https://doi.org/10.23919/DATE51398.2021.9474018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:293728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/293728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/c38ecf67-8896-4849-ac06-c17b27bf218f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/a-deeper-look-at-the-energy-consumption-of-lightweight-block-ciphers(c38ecf67-8896-4849-ac06-c17b27bf218f).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2021): virtual conference 1-5 February 2021, 170 - 175","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:293728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/293728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2676399220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"871738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8026295592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PZ00P2_179921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153516704","https://openalex.org/W182571705","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1599175145","https://openalex.org/W1774261413","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1951852031","https://openalex.org/W2141124495","https://openalex.org/W2293947265","https://openalex.org/W2344782235","https://openalex.org/W2400329567","https://openalex.org/W2406134143","https://openalex.org/W2504919933","https://openalex.org/W2741840250","https://openalex.org/W2805145392","https://openalex.org/W3037570923","https://openalex.org/W4244269012","https://openalex.org/W6697158485","https://openalex.org/W6712763066","https://openalex.org/W6713505686","https://openalex.org/W6779564329","https://openalex.org/W6996066701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949283829","https://openalex.org/W2372403409","https://openalex.org/W2113394987","https://openalex.org/W2190847501","https://openalex.org/W4242726756","https://openalex.org/W1539178658","https://openalex.org/W3030696647","https://openalex.org/W2793713134","https://openalex.org/W2592997279","https://openalex.org/W2029210135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,25,53,207],"the":[1,5,15,26,54,65,77,83,129,139,143,146,153,169,191,194,198,201,221,234,249,255,263,267,271],"last":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"field":[6],"of":[7,17,40,69,86,91,103,142,152,193,223,248,262,270],"lightweight":[8,46,224,273],"cryptography":[9],"has":[10],"seen":[11],"an":[12,87],"influx":[13],"in":[14,99,112,145,197,217,254,259,266],"number":[16],"block":[18,41,93,225,250],"ciphers":[19,42,226,251],"and":[20,51,128,132,182,205,236],"hash":[21],"functions":[22],"being":[23,275],"proposed.":[24],"past":[27],"there":[28],"have":[29,34],"been":[30],"numerous":[31],"papers":[32],"that":[33,76,165],"looked":[35],"at":[36,108],"circuit":[37,115,120,170,199],"level":[38],"implementation":[39],"with":[43,227],"respect":[44,228],"to":[45,186,190,212,229,244],"metrics":[47],"like":[48,179],"area":[49,130],"power":[50,131,181],"energy.":[52],"paper":[55,256],"by":[56,63,137,200,219],"Banik":[57],"et":[58],"al.":[59],"(SAC\u201815),":[60],"for":[61,163],"example,":[62],"studying":[64],"energy":[66,78,133,183],"consumption":[67],"model":[68],"a":[70,96,109,114,119,124,150,241],"CMOS":[71],"gate,":[72],"it":[73,159],"was":[74,157],"shown":[75],"consumed":[79],"per":[80],"cycle":[81],"during":[82],"encryption":[84],"operation":[85],"r-round":[88],"unrolled":[89],"architecture":[90],"any":[92],"cipher":[94],"is":[95,171,240],"quadratic":[97],"function":[98],"r.":[100],"However,":[101],"most":[102],"these":[104],"explorative":[105],"works":[106],"were":[107],"gate":[110],"level,":[111],"which":[113],"synthesizer":[116],"would":[117,134,184],"construct":[118],"using":[121],"gates":[122],"from":[123],"standard":[125],"cell":[126],"library,":[127],"be":[135,187],"estimated":[136],"estimating":[138],"switching":[140],"statistics":[141],"nodes":[144,204],"circuit.":[147],"Since":[148],"only":[149],"part":[151],"EDA":[154],"design":[155],"flow":[156],"done,":[158],"did":[160],"not":[161],"account":[162],"issues":[164],"might":[166],"arise":[167],"when":[168],"finally":[172],"mapped":[173],"into":[174],"silicon":[175],"post":[176],"route.":[177],"Metrics":[178],"area,":[180],"need":[185],"re-estimated":[188],"due":[189],"effect":[192],"parasitics":[195],"introduced":[196],"connecting":[202],"wires,":[203],"interconnects.":[206],"this":[208,214],"paper,":[209],"we":[210,252],"look":[211],"plug":[213],"very":[215],"gap":[216],"literature":[218],"re-examining":[220],"designs":[222],"their":[230],"performances":[231],"after":[232],"completing":[233],"placement":[235],"routing":[237],"process.":[238],"This":[239],"timely":[242],"exercise":[243],"do":[245],"since":[246],"three":[247],"analyze":[253],"are":[257],"used":[258],"around":[260],"13":[261],"32":[264],"candidates":[265],"second":[268],"round":[269],"NIST":[272],"competition":[274],"conducted":[276],"currently.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}