{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185215509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473928","title":"A Reconfigurable Multiple-Precision Floating-Point Dot Product Unit for High-Performance Computing","display_name":"A Reconfigurable Multiple-Precision Floating-Point Dot Product Unit for High-Performance Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185215509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473928","mag":"3185215509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9473928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062269789","display_name":"Wei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399976","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-5439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039327344","display_name":"Xinang Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090482289","display_name":"Shirui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-0578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317850","display_name":"He Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098748","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210098748","https://openalex.org/I4210134808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,Department of computer science and technology,London,UK","Department of computer science and technology, University of Cambridge, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,Department of computer science and technology,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210098748"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of computer science and technology, University of Cambridge, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853402","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062269789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0358,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8004429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1793","last_page":"1798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6654897332191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.6277711391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-precision-floating-point-format","display_name":"Single-precision floating-point format","score":0.6109291315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5304738283157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5118162035942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4945180118083954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4834235906600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-precision-floating-point-format","display_name":"Double-precision floating-point format","score":0.4599003791809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dot-product","display_name":"Dot product","score":0.450411319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44707033038139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.43041107058525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.4095226526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.211814284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10170131921768188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6654897332191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.6277711391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133095886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307173","display_name":"Single-precision floating-point format","level":3,"score":0.6109291315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5304738283157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5118162035942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4945180118083954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4834235906600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35912277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1243369","display_name":"Double-precision floating-point format","level":3,"score":0.4599003791809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32900221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181365","display_name":"Dot product","level":2,"score":0.450411319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44707033038139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.43041107058525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.4095226526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.211814284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10170131921768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9473928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013659828","https://openalex.org/W2142464516","https://openalex.org/W2144921006","https://openalex.org/W2207050309","https://openalex.org/W2291011484","https://openalex.org/W2319134828","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2895305554","https://openalex.org/W2914973130","https://openalex.org/W2987956272","https://openalex.org/W2993431242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3150370983","https://openalex.org/W2239119680","https://openalex.org/W1564887326","https://openalex.org/W3215589575","https://openalex.org/W2116803521","https://openalex.org/W2009694692","https://openalex.org/W4297795876","https://openalex.org/W2102729529","https://openalex.org/W2124576060","https://openalex.org/W4281636333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,78,96,143],"an":[2],"emerging":[3],"need":[4],"to":[5,25,98,195],"optimize":[6],"floating-point":[7],"(FP)":[8],"dot":[9],"product":[10],"units":[11],"(DPU)":[12],"for":[13,54,63,80,108,170],"high-performance":[14,81],"scientific":[15],"computing":[16,82],"as":[17,19,91],"well":[18],"training":[20],"deep":[21],"learning":[22],"models.":[23],"Due":[24],"different":[26,67],"precision":[27],"requirements":[28],"of":[29,41,125],"applications,":[30],"a":[31,72,104],"reconfigurable":[32,73,190],"multiple-precision":[33,74,158],"DPU":[34,76,87,163,191],"operation":[35],"can":[36,88,128,185,192],"largely":[37],"reduce":[38],"the":[39,46,64,100,126,147,156,161,188],"cost":[40],"area":[42],"and":[43,119,166,172,197,207],"power.":[44],"However,":[45],"existing":[47,157],"methods":[48],"could":[49],"result":[50],"in":[51,66,131],"redundant":[52,101],"bits":[53,102],"unit":[55],"multipliers,":[56],"but":[57],"also":[58],"leave":[59],"idle":[60,137],"hardware":[61,138],"resources":[62],"operations":[65],"precisions.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"FP":[75,86,159],"design":[77,142],"proposed":[79,141,162,189],"(HPC)":[83],"applications.":[84],"The":[85,140],"be":[89,129,186],"reconfigured":[90],"follows.":[92],"A":[93],"bit-partitioning":[94],"method":[95],"provided":[97],"minimize":[99],"with":[103,151,155,204],"configurable":[105],"mixed-precision":[106],"multiplier":[107],"three-mode":[109],"operations:":[110],"20":[111],"half-precision":[112],"Dot":[113],"Product":[114],"(DP),":[115],"5":[116],"single-precision":[117],"DP,":[118],"1":[120],"double-precision":[121],"DP":[122],"operations.":[123],"Any":[124],"modes":[127],"executed":[130],"two":[132],"successive":[133],"clock":[134],"cycles":[135],"without":[136],"resources.":[139],"realized":[144],"by":[145],"using":[146,178],"UMC":[148],"55-nm":[149],"process":[150],"simulation":[152],"results.":[153],"Compared":[154],"methods,":[160],"achieves":[164],"88.9%":[165],"35.8%":[167],"area-saving":[168],"performance":[169],"FP16":[171],"FP32":[173,206],"operations,":[174,209],"respectively.":[175,210],"Moreover,":[176],"when":[177,202],"benchmarked":[179],"HPC":[180],"applications":[181],"where":[182],"multiple":[183],"precisions":[184],"used,":[187],"accelerate":[193],"up":[194],"4\u00d7":[196],"20\u00d7":[198],"maximum":[199],"throughput":[200],"rates":[201],"compared":[203],"fixed":[205],"FP64":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
