{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184640448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473911","title":"GEO: Generation and Execution Optimized Stochastic Computing Accelerator for Neural Networks","display_name":"GEO: Generation and Execution Optimized Stochastic Computing Accelerator for Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184640448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473911","mag":"3184640448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9473911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011105081","display_name":"Tianmu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianmu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084220043","display_name":"Wojciech Romaszkan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-7079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Romaszkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025807083","display_name":"Sudhakar Pamarti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-7508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhakar Pamarti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084229134","display_name":"Puneet Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puneet Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83774344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"689","last_page":"694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8092817068099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.7869884967803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5553221702575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5028471350669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.5016360282897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.47208118438720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-approximation","display_name":"Stochastic approximation","score":0.4373348653316498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.42693910002708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.42476335167884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.39274072647094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38604894280433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28337645530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15999606251716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.10957765579223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08722883462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08187049627304077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8092817068099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.7869884967803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5553221702575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5028471350669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.5016360282897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.47208118438720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55479107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97663916","display_name":"Stochastic approximation","level":3,"score":0.4373348653316498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.42693910002708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.42476335167884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.39274072647094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38604894280433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28337645530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15999606251716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.10957765579223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08722883462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08187049627304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9473911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9473911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1460743977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8650-18-27867","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2025295061","https://openalex.org/W2051898848","https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2290548492","https://openalex.org/W2551814622","https://openalex.org/W2588191434","https://openalex.org/W2605347906","https://openalex.org/W2613124046","https://openalex.org/W2614053718","https://openalex.org/W2625226188","https://openalex.org/W2759318406","https://openalex.org/W2761132374","https://openalex.org/W2784372305","https://openalex.org/W2792893539","https://openalex.org/W2798061250","https://openalex.org/W2809643188","https://openalex.org/W2874662585","https://openalex.org/W2891058438","https://openalex.org/W2904200161","https://openalex.org/W2910319223","https://openalex.org/W2922382511","https://openalex.org/W2927803337","https://openalex.org/W2944948997","https://openalex.org/W2945582238","https://openalex.org/W2945611782","https://openalex.org/W2949168242","https://openalex.org/W2991101131","https://openalex.org/W3011832990","https://openalex.org/W3024621361","https://openalex.org/W3036331883","https://openalex.org/W3043216033","https://openalex.org/W3101530725","https://openalex.org/W4243261588","https://openalex.org/W4255095469","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6657055868","https://openalex.org/W6738018359","https://openalex.org/W6747876305","https://openalex.org/W6750513230","https://openalex.org/W6752728013","https://openalex.org/W6754509286","https://openalex.org/W6756601136","https://openalex.org/W6763253996","https://openalex.org/W6779471319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104287241","https://openalex.org/W4391183369","https://openalex.org/W4226092179","https://openalex.org/W4306791972","https://openalex.org/W4400134053","https://openalex.org/W2910319223","https://openalex.org/W4390846322","https://openalex.org/W3212867030","https://openalex.org/W1740594162","https://openalex.org/W2946056769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stochastic":[0,58],"computing":[1,80],"(SC)":[2],"has":[3],"seen":[4],"a":[5,11],"renaissance":[6],"in":[7],"recent":[8],"years":[9],"as":[10],"means":[12],"for":[13,61],"machine":[14],"learning":[15],"acceleration":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,119,128,149],"its":[19],"compact":[20],"arithmetic":[21],"and":[22,55,68,73,81,95,98,111,131,143,153],"approximation":[23],"properties.":[24],"Still,":[25],"SC":[26,105,121,142],"accuracy":[27,45,76,87,117,139],"remains":[28],"an":[29],"issue,":[30],"with":[31,93],"prior":[32],"works":[33],"either":[34],"not":[35],"fully":[36],"utilizing":[37],"the":[38,75,104,138],"computational":[39],"density":[40],"or":[41],"suffering":[42],"from":[43],"significant":[44],"losses.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"work,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"GEO":[52,101,114,136],"-":[53],"Generation":[54],"Execution":[56],"Optimized":[57],"Computing":[59],"Accelerator":[60],"Neural":[62],"Networks,":[63],"which":[64],"optimizes":[65,103],"stream":[66,91],"generation":[67],"execution":[69,106],"components":[70],"of":[71],"SC,":[72],"bridges":[74],"gap":[77,140],"between":[78,141],"stochastic":[79],"fixed-point":[82,144],"neural":[83],"networks.":[84],"It":[85],"improves":[86],"by":[88,122],"coupling":[89],"controlled":[90],"sharing":[92],"training":[94],"balancing":[96],"OR":[97],"binary":[99],"accumulations.":[100],"further":[102],"through":[107],"progressive":[108],"shadow":[109],"buffering":[110],"architectural":[112],"optimizations.":[113],"can":[115],"improve":[116],"compared":[118],"state-of-the-art":[120],"2.2-4.0%":[123],"points":[124],"while":[125,146],"being":[126],"up":[127,148],"4.4X":[129],"faster":[130],"5.3X":[132],"more":[133],"energy":[134],"efficient.":[135],"eliminates":[137],"architectures":[145],"delivering":[147],"5.6X":[150],"higher":[151],"throughput":[152],"2.6X":[154],"lower":[155],"energy.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
