{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036297911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116567","title":"Extending the RISC-V Instruction Set for Hardware Acceleration of the Post-Quantum Scheme LAC","display_name":"Extending the RISC-V Instruction Set for Hardware Acceleration of the Post-Quantum Scheme LAC","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036297911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116567","mag":"3036297911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047790485","display_name":"Tim Fritzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-4292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Fritzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026512033","display_name":"Georg Sigl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Sigl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103033084","display_name":"Johanna Sep\u00falveda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-994X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Sepulveda","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIRBUS Defence and Space GmbH, Ottobrunn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIRBUS Defence and Space GmbH, Ottobrunn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047790485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80956797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1420","last_page":"1425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7600258588790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.5631762146949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46502161026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.46451085805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4456501603126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4333837330341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3899616301059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3647578954696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32220330834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23630619049072266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7600258588790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.5631762146949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46502161026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.46451085805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4456501603126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4333837330341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3899616301059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3647578954696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32220330834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23630619049072266}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1547303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1547303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1624499016","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2134732546","https://openalex.org/W2903457367","https://openalex.org/W2914539449","https://openalex.org/W2941386962","https://openalex.org/W2947427532","https://openalex.org/W2953078406","https://openalex.org/W2953434341","https://openalex.org/W2968786179","https://openalex.org/W2995935153","https://openalex.org/W3089646287","https://openalex.org/W4250492047","https://openalex.org/W4255716331","https://openalex.org/W6636816289","https://openalex.org/W6756366840","https://openalex.org/W6764435440","https://openalex.org/W6765281926","https://openalex.org/W6771594061","https://openalex.org/W7071915810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W4361205702","https://openalex.org/W2385965183","https://openalex.org/W4289281780","https://openalex.org/W2013342653","https://openalex.org/W2901818815","https://openalex.org/W4237598585","https://openalex.org/W2359552542","https://openalex.org/W2374897487","https://openalex.org/W4205163163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108,143,182],"increasing":[1],"effort":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,99,135,156,175],"development":[5],"of":[6,20,101,161,189],"quantum":[7,37],"computers":[8],"represents":[9],"a":[10,28,140,159,187],"high":[11],"risk":[12],"for":[13,61,81,94,129,149,163,166,170],"communication":[14],"systems":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,34,112,120,174],"their":[18],"capability":[19],"breaking":[21],"currently":[22],"used":[23],"public-key":[24,30],"cryptography.":[25],"LAC":[26,62,96,130,150],"is":[27,40],"lattice-based":[29],"encryption":[31],"scheme":[32],"resistant":[33],"traditional":[35],"and":[36,46,76,90,105,133,168,198],"attacks.":[38],"It":[39],"characterized":[41],"by":[42,158],"small":[43],"key":[44],"sizes":[45],"low":[47],"arithmetic":[48],"complexity.":[49],"Recent":[50],"publications":[51],"have":[52],"shown":[53],"practical":[54],"post-quantum":[55,115],"solutions":[56],"through":[57],"co-design":[58,79],"techniques.":[59],"However,":[60],"only":[63],"software":[64],"implementations":[65],"were":[66,110],"explored.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"work,":[70],"we":[71,88,123],"propose":[72],"an":[73,190],"efficient,":[74],"flexible":[75],"time-protected":[77],"HW/SW":[78],"architecture":[80,148],"LAC.":[82],"We":[83],"present":[84],"two":[85,199],"contributions.":[86],"First,":[87],"develop":[89,124],"integrate":[91,134],"hardware":[92],"accelerators":[93,109,137],"three":[95],"performance":[97,157,184],"bottlenecks:":[98],"generation":[100],"polynomials,":[102],"polynomial":[103],"multiplication":[104],"error":[106,153],"correction.":[107],"designed":[111],"support":[113],"all":[114],"security":[116],"levels":[117],"from":[118],"128":[119],"256-bits.":[121],"Second,":[122],"tailored":[125],"instruction":[126],"set":[127],"extensions":[128],"on":[131,180],"RISC-V":[132,141],"HW":[136],"directly":[138],"into":[139],"core.":[142],"results":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"our":[147],"with":[151],"constant-time":[152],"correction":[154],"improves":[155],"factor":[160],"7.66":[162],"LAC-128,":[164],"14.42":[165],"LAC-192,":[167],"13.36":[169],"LAC-256,":[171],"when":[172],"compared":[173],"unprotected":[176],"reference":[177],"implementation":[178],"running":[179],"RISC-V.":[181],"increased":[183,191],"comes":[185],"at":[186],"cost":[188],"resource":[192],"consumption":[193],"(32,617":[194],"LUTs,":[195],"11,019":[196],"registers,":[197],"DSP":[200],"slices).":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
