{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036799076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116515","title":"Gap-free Processor Verification by S<sup>2</sup>QED and Property Generation","display_name":"Gap-free Processor Verification by S<sup>2</sup>QED and Property Generation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036799076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116515","mag":"3036799076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039610957","display_name":"Keerthikumara Devarajegowda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keerthikumara Devarajegowda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056116323","display_name":"Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055282803","display_name":"Eshan Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-4724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eshan Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026961968","display_name":"Clark Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clark Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036312663","display_name":"Subhasish Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhasish Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046956677","display_name":"Wolfgang Ecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Ecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047920654","display_name":"Dominik Stoffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-9738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Stoffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066184879","display_name":"Wolfgang Kunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-2946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039610957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70020313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"526","last_page":"531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8118686676025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-verification","display_name":"Functional verification","score":0.5859306454658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.5687187314033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.5550664067268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5518577098846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5455992221832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.526610255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speculation","display_name":"Speculation","score":0.5184240341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-theorem-proving","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","score":0.5125131607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.49941325187683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-verification","display_name":"Intelligent verification","score":0.49683836102485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4768468141555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.44917720556259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-design","display_name":"Processor design","score":0.42412105202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.419376015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-verification","display_name":"High-level verification","score":0.4127095341682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36858701705932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24633342027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2371034324169159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.12577053904533386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8118686676025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508853","display_name":"Functional verification","level":3,"score":0.5859306454658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.5687187314033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.5550664067268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5518577098846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5455992221832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.526610255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47941915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107885","display_name":"Speculation","level":2,"score":0.5184240341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.5125131607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49941325187683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3406870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044160","display_name":"Intelligent verification","level":5,"score":0.49683836102485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4768468141555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.44917720556259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526435321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303814","display_name":"Processor design","level":2,"score":0.42412105202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.419376015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187250869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754573","display_name":"High-level verification","level":5,"score":0.4127095341682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36858701705932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24633342027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2371034324169159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.12577053904533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680001562","https://openalex.org/W1819209966","https://openalex.org/W1827056974","https://openalex.org/W1965953351","https://openalex.org/W2019188908","https://openalex.org/W2107503612","https://openalex.org/W2109749090","https://openalex.org/W2402898942","https://openalex.org/W2476747876","https://openalex.org/W2798765367","https://openalex.org/W2908642059","https://openalex.org/W2964039708","https://openalex.org/W3150683616","https://openalex.org/W4231943951","https://openalex.org/W4241627488","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6713318838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361881307","https://openalex.org/W2392047570","https://openalex.org/W4205300843","https://openalex.org/W2929969821","https://openalex.org/W3155012083","https://openalex.org/W2354470518","https://openalex.org/W3120172095","https://openalex.org/W2059150015","https://openalex.org/W2357142578","https://openalex.org/W2035244079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102,160],"required":[1],"manual":[2,52,117],"effort":[3,53],"and":[4,34,43,54,77,81,106],"verification":[5,15,46,126],"expertise":[6,55],"are":[7,104,150],"among":[8],"the":[9,58,61,66,96,125,134,156,164],"main":[10],"hurdles":[11],"for":[12],"adopting":[13],"formal":[14],"in":[16,121,137],"processor":[17,45],"design":[18,85],"flows.":[19],"Developing":[20],"a":[21,32,40,84,91,174],"set":[22],"of":[23,60,153,163],"properties":[24,103],"that":[25,83],"fully":[26],"covers":[27],"all":[28],"instruction":[29,79],"behaviors":[30],"is":[31,86,166],"laborious":[33],"challenging":[35],"task.":[36],"This":[37,94],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"highly":[41],"automated":[42],"\"complete\"":[44],"approach":[47,64,72,97,165],"which":[48],"requires":[49],"considerably":[50],"less":[51],"compared":[56],"to":[57,73,90,131],"state":[59],"art.The":[62],"proposed":[63,157],"extends":[65],"S":[67],"<sup":[68],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[69],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[70],"QED":[71],"cover":[74],"both":[75],"single":[76],"multiple":[78],"bugs":[80],"ensures":[82],"completely":[87],"verified":[88],"according":[89],"well-defined":[92],"criterion.":[93],"makes":[95],"robust":[98],"against":[99],"human":[100],"errors.":[101],"simple":[105],"can":[107],"be":[108],"automatically":[109],"generated":[110],"from":[111],"an":[112,169],"ISA":[113],"model":[114],"with":[115,173],"small":[116],"effort.":[118],"Furthermore,":[119],"unlike":[120],"conventional":[122],"property":[123],"checking,":[124],"engineer":[127],"does":[128],"not":[129],"need":[130],"explicitly":[132],"specify":[133],"processor's":[135],"behavior":[136],"different":[138],"special":[139],"scenarios,":[140],"such":[141],"as":[142],"stalling,":[143],"exception,":[144],"or":[145],"speculation,":[146],"since":[147],"these":[148],"scenarios":[149],"taken":[151],"care":[152],"implicitly":[154],"by":[155,168],"computational":[158],"model.":[159],"great":[161],"promise":[162],"shown":[167],"industrial":[170],"case":[171],"study":[172],"5-stage":[175],"RISC-V":[176],"processor.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}