{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036247734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116500","title":"Rescuing Logic Encryption in Post-SAT Era by Locking &amp; Obfuscation","display_name":"Rescuing Logic Encryption in Post-SAT Era by Locking &amp; Obfuscation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036247734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116500","mag":"3036247734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013526466","display_name":"Amin Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amin Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA","Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103853086","display_name":"Yuanqi Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanqi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA","Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052779900","display_name":"Hai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-3038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA","Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University,Evanston,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013526466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90582896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8587342500686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.8198621273040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6601261496543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6097701787948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6014120578765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5114411115646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4939597249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.43494266271591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3502093553543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2854025065898895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13157004117965698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8587342500686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.8198621273040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6601261496543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6097701787948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6014120578765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5114411115646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4939597249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.43494266271591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3502093553543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2854025065898895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13157004117965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76123274","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1970852936","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2064541558","https://openalex.org/W2083314129","https://openalex.org/W2112965713","https://openalex.org/W2124954128","https://openalex.org/W2126693329","https://openalex.org/W2140904634","https://openalex.org/W2378876119","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2499445168","https://openalex.org/W2536656707","https://openalex.org/W2615060729","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2741234428","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2768377320","https://openalex.org/W2792444185","https://openalex.org/W2798554995","https://openalex.org/W2798912380","https://openalex.org/W2903107655","https://openalex.org/W2920234098","https://openalex.org/W2949654353","https://openalex.org/W2974457503","https://openalex.org/W4231363479","https://openalex.org/W6678797189","https://openalex.org/W6742228250","https://openalex.org/W6742287765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1695000654","https://openalex.org/W2908862236","https://openalex.org/W3036247734","https://openalex.org/W4300263599","https://openalex.org/W4251649596","https://openalex.org/W4304141708","https://openalex.org/W2075455526","https://openalex.org/W4245030246","https://openalex.org/W3003969100","https://openalex.org/W2533979437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,69,157],"active":[1],"participation":[2],"of":[3,58,92,104,122,151],"external":[4],"entities":[5],"in":[6,16,51,97],"the":[7,25,48,55,59,64,72,79,83,93,119],"manufacturing":[8],"flow":[9],"has":[10],"produced":[11],"numerous":[12],"hardware":[13],"security":[14,73,110,152],"issues":[15],"which":[17],"piracy":[18],"and":[19,28,114,135,161],"overproduction":[20],"are":[21],"likely":[22],"to":[23,34,47,76,108,127],"be":[24,87],"most":[26],"ubiquitous":[27],"expensive":[29],"ones.":[30],"main":[32],"approach":[33],"prevent":[35],"unauthorized":[36],"products":[37],"from":[38,132],"functioning":[39],"is":[40,67,75,106,126,164],"logic":[41,99,113,123,144],"encryption":[42,100,124,145],"that":[43,54,125,147],"inserts":[44],"key-controlled":[45],"gates":[46],"original":[49,84],"circuit":[50,60,85,155],"a":[52,102,129,142],"way":[53],"valid":[56],"behavior":[57],"only":[61],"happens":[62],"when":[63],"correct":[65,80],"key":[66,81],"applied.":[68],"challenge":[70],"for":[71],"designer":[74],"ensure":[77],"neither":[78],"nor":[82],"can":[86],"revealed":[88],"by":[89],"different":[90],"analyses":[91],"encrypted":[94],"circuit.":[95],"However,":[96],"state-of-the-art":[98],"works,":[101],"lot":[103],"performance":[105],"sold":[107],"guarantee":[109],"against":[111,159],"powerful":[112],"structural":[115],"attacks.":[116],"This":[117],"contradicts":[118],"primary":[120],"reason":[121],"protect":[128],"precious":[130],"design":[131],"being":[133],"pirated":[134],"overproduced.":[136],"In":[137],"this":[138],"paper,":[139],"we":[140],"propose":[141],"bilateral":[143],"platform":[146],"maintains":[148],"high":[149],"degree":[150],"with":[153],"small":[154],"modification.":[156],"robustness":[158],"exact":[160],"approximate":[162],"attacks":[163],"also":[165],"demonstrated.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
