{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035782912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116205","title":"Towards Safety Verification of Direct Perception Neural Networks","display_name":"Towards Safety Verification of Direct Perception Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035782912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116205","mag":"3035782912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066292729","display_name":"Chih\u2010Hong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162709","display_name":"Denso (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xtrfa17","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650","https://openalex.org/I4210162709"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["DENSO AUTOMOTIVE Deutschland GmbH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DENSO AUTOMOTIVE Deutschland GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087133390","display_name":"Chung-Hao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["fortiss - Research Institute of the Free State of Bavaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"fortiss - Research Institute of the Free State of Bavaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089731341","display_name":"Thomas Brunner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-5132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Brunner","raw_affiliation_strings":["fortiss - Research Institute of the Free State of Bavaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"fortiss - Research Institute of the Free State of Bavaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027802245","display_name":"Vahid Hashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9167-7417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322300227","display_name":"Audi (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02aykj333","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322300227"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Audi AG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Audi AG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322300227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066292729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162709"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.76231458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86784786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1640","last_page":"1643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9147999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waypoint","display_name":"Waypoint","score":0.8056541681289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7483580708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7256432771682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6633158922195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6131137013435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5900737047195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5240761637687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4606355130672455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.45971277356147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35259681940078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.346770703792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.21488943696022034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781271823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138081","display_name":"Waypoint","level":2,"score":0.8056541681289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7483580708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7256432771682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6633158922195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6131137013435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5900737047195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5240761637687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4606355130672455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45971277356147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35259681940078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.346770703792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.21488943696022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date48585.2020.9116205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date48585.2020.9116205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1602039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1602039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2150295085","https://openalex.org/W2165073069","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2593634001","https://openalex.org/W2594877703","https://openalex.org/W2721006554","https://openalex.org/W2791251367","https://openalex.org/W2794609696","https://openalex.org/W2798356176","https://openalex.org/W2800473699","https://openalex.org/W2801079363","https://openalex.org/W2893132739","https://openalex.org/W2904076963","https://openalex.org/W2917325587","https://openalex.org/W2950183737","https://openalex.org/W2963054787","https://openalex.org/W2963440492","https://openalex.org/W2963600714","https://openalex.org/W2963673089","https://openalex.org/W2963735478","https://openalex.org/W2964184826","https://openalex.org/W2981639301","https://openalex.org/W4297749952","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6682222085","https://openalex.org/W6740406300","https://openalex.org/W6744680123","https://openalex.org/W6749446186","https://openalex.org/W6749571914","https://openalex.org/W6750745550","https://openalex.org/W6751044371","https://openalex.org/W6751161574","https://openalex.org/W6757575293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2688471429","https://openalex.org/W4360939124","https://openalex.org/W2077345734","https://openalex.org/W2899287767","https://openalex.org/W2275928629","https://openalex.org/W1978127373","https://openalex.org/W2915444871","https://openalex.org/W2612848489","https://openalex.org/W2096610529","https://openalex.org/W4235170104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,66],"study":[1],"the":[2,46,55,68,90,117],"problem":[3,70,92],"of":[4,7,32,57],"safety":[5],"verification":[6,31,98],"direct":[8,33,81,108],"perception":[9,34,82,109],"neural":[10,35,83,110],"networks,":[11],"where":[12],"camera":[13],"images":[14],"are":[15],"used":[16,104],"as":[17,40,52],"inputs":[18],"to":[19,26,44,105,125],"produce":[20],"high-level":[21],"features":[22],"for":[23,122],"autonomous":[24,123],"vehicles":[25,124],"make":[27],"control":[28],"decisions.":[29],"Formal":[30],"networks":[36],"is":[37,42,103],"extremely":[38],"challenging,":[39],"it":[41],"difficult":[43],"formulate":[45],"specification":[47,69],"that":[48],"requires":[49],"characterizing":[50],"input":[51,74],"constraints,":[53],"while":[54],"number":[56],"neurons":[58],"in":[59],"such":[60],"a":[61,80,94,107],"network":[62,84,111],"can":[63],"reach":[64],"millions.":[65],"approach":[67],"by":[71,93,113],"learning":[72],"an":[73],"property":[75],"characterizer":[76],"which":[77,115],"carefully":[78],"extends":[79],"at":[85],"close-to-output":[86],"layers,":[87],"and":[88,120],"address":[89],"scalability":[91],"novel":[95],"assume-guarantee":[96],"based":[97],"approach.":[99],"The":[100],"presented":[101],"workflow":[102],"understand":[106],"(developed":[112],"Audi)":[114],"computes":[116],"next":[118],"waypoint":[119],"orientation":[121],"follow.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}