{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904482304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8715004","title":"Processor Hardware Security Vulnerabilities and their Detection by Unique Program Execution Checking","display_name":"Processor Hardware Security Vulnerabilities and their Detection by Unique Program Execution Checking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904482304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8715004","mag":"2904482304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2019.8715004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8715004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056116323","display_name":"Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rahmani Fadiheh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047920654","display_name":"Dominik Stoffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-9738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Stoffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026961968","display_name":"Clark Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clark Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Computer Science Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036312663","display_name":"Subhasish Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhasish Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066184879","display_name":"Wolfgang Kunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-2946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056116323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.289,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64289856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"994","last_page":"999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7962601184844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.7339357733726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.6065746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5813446044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5663844347000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speculation","display_name":"Speculation","score":0.5115219354629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3327394723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.24602049589157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.1977403461933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1664792001247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.11847120523452759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7962601184844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.7339357733726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.6065746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5813446044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5663844347000122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47941915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107885","display_name":"Speculation","level":2,"score":0.5115219354629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3327394723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.24602049589157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.1977403461933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1664792001247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.11847120523452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2019.8715004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8715004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.04975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2904482304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.04975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.04975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332444","display_name":"Council for Research in the Social Sciences, Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904482304.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904482304.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519063324","https://openalex.org/W1567646530","https://openalex.org/W1787074469","https://openalex.org/W2014182302","https://openalex.org/W2024977521","https://openalex.org/W2048355938","https://openalex.org/W2053343487","https://openalex.org/W2068382945","https://openalex.org/W2102089995","https://openalex.org/W2115200566","https://openalex.org/W2138788987","https://openalex.org/W2141273270","https://openalex.org/W2142799720","https://openalex.org/W2165097265","https://openalex.org/W2186104740","https://openalex.org/W2347205253","https://openalex.org/W2586555532","https://openalex.org/W2610653992","https://openalex.org/W2781723315","https://openalex.org/W2785607367","https://openalex.org/W2810649391","https://openalex.org/W2964335063","https://openalex.org/W3126015985","https://openalex.org/W4231640108","https://openalex.org/W4237763351","https://openalex.org/W4250728693","https://openalex.org/W4252481514","https://openalex.org/W6628261430","https://openalex.org/W6656580007","https://openalex.org/W6685585654","https://openalex.org/W6747544890","https://openalex.org/W6750229743","https://openalex.org/W6757305456","https://openalex.org/W6778035576","https://openalex.org/W6987020231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963739369","https://openalex.org/W2982776349","https://openalex.org/W2945639393","https://openalex.org/W3092493782","https://openalex.org/W2979780468","https://openalex.org/W2979633637","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2802905993","https://openalex.org/W1664413462","https://openalex.org/W3023959029","https://openalex.org/W1543735334","https://openalex.org/W2949845054","https://openalex.org/W3183296364","https://openalex.org/W3161458798","https://openalex.org/W2899912069","https://openalex.org/W2792326895","https://openalex.org/W3045536646","https://openalex.org/W2983884272","https://openalex.org/W3205432815","https://openalex.org/W3098629950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"discovery":[1],"of":[2,21,26,92,99,146],"security":[3,20,73],"attacks":[4,28,102,140],"in":[5,15,106,116],"advanced":[6,61],"processors,":[7],"known":[8],"as":[9,112,129],"Spectre":[10],"and":[11,47,67,162],"Meltdown,":[12],"has":[13],"resulted":[14],"high":[16],"public":[17],"alertness":[18],"about":[19],"hardware.":[22],"The":[23],"root":[24],"cause":[25],"these":[27],"is":[29,91],"information":[30,42],"leakage":[31],"across":[32],"covert":[33,55,100,135,166,172],"channels":[34,56,167,173],"that":[35,53,71,88],"reveal":[36],"secret":[37,46],"data":[38],"without":[39],"any":[40],"explicit":[41],"flow":[43],"between":[44],"the":[45,48,89],"attacker.":[49],"Many":[50],"sources":[51],"believe":[52],"such":[54,72],"are":[57,104,114],"intrinsic":[58],"to":[59,121,165,171],"highly":[60],"processor":[62],"architectures":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"speculation":[66],"out-of-order":[68],"execution,":[69],"suggesting":[70],"risks":[74],"can":[75],"be":[76],"avoided":[77],"by":[78,143],"staying":[79],"away":[80],"from":[81,119],"high-end":[82],"processors.":[83],"This":[84],"paper,":[85],"however,":[86],"shows":[87],"problem":[90],"wider":[93],"scope:":[94],"we":[95],"present":[96,125],"new":[97,127],"classes":[98],"channel":[101],"which":[103,160],"possible":[105],"average-complexity":[107],"processors":[108],"with":[109],"in-order":[110],"pipelining,":[111],"they":[113],"mainstream":[115],"applications":[117],"ranging":[118],"Internet-of-Things":[120],"Autonomous":[122],"Systems.":[123],"We":[124],"a":[126,130,152],"approach":[128],"foundation":[131],"for":[132],"remedy":[133],"against":[134],"channels:":[136],"while":[137],"all":[138],"previous":[139],"were":[141],"found":[142],"clever":[144],"thinking":[145],"human":[147],"attackers,":[148],"this":[149],"paper":[150],"presents":[151],"formal":[153],"method":[154],"called":[155],"Unique":[156],"Program":[157],"Execution":[158],"Checking":[159],"detects":[161],"locates":[163],"vulnerabilities":[164],"systematically,":[168],"including":[169],"those":[170],"unknown":[174],"so":[175],"far.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}