{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945180328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714843","title":"Hardware Trojans in Emerging Non-Volatile Memories","display_name":"Hardware Trojans in Emerging Non-Volatile Memories","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945180328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714843","mag":"2945180328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2019.8714843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083577016","display_name":"Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-5191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030090684","display_name":"Karthikeyan Nagarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0518-4940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan Nagarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085567454","display_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.02,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91961333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"396","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.765943169593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7383897304534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6656720638275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5092192888259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.5013458728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reset","display_name":"Reset (finance)","score":0.49134746193885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.48188525438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.48120051622390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/address-space","display_name":"Address space","score":0.44972917437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4204566776752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.416610985994339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4162128269672394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/address-bus","display_name":"Address bus","score":0.41315364837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3931679427623749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-bus","display_name":"System bus","score":0.18863379955291748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.765943169593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7383897304534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6656720638275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5092192888259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.5013458728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.49134746193885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.48188525438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.48120051622390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144240696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367204","display_name":"Address space","level":2,"score":0.44972917437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4204566776752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.416610985994339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4162128269672394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54714250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178048","display_name":"Address bus","level":3,"score":0.41315364837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3931679427623749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136321198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377054","display_name":"System bus","level":2,"score":0.18863379955291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2019.8714843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605172130","https://openalex.org/W2019369293","https://openalex.org/W2098536553","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2164839440","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2804959024","https://openalex.org/W2807535087","https://openalex.org/W2889521801","https://openalex.org/W2909501416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W2065973962","https://openalex.org/W2082460678","https://openalex.org/W3161920451","https://openalex.org/W3036926273","https://openalex.org/W4225499849","https://openalex.org/W2182559810","https://openalex.org/W2161262848","https://openalex.org/W2934395490","https://openalex.org/W2397338137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"Non-Volatile":[1],"Memories":[2],"(NVMs)":[3],"possess":[4],"unique":[5],"characteristics":[6],"that":[7,24,71,136,177],"make":[8],"them":[9],"a":[10,69,79,84,144,149],"top":[11],"target":[12],"for":[13,152],"deploying":[14],"Hardware":[15],"Trojan.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"investigate":[21],"such":[22],"knobs":[23],"can":[25,47,50,72,91,123,139,160,181],"be":[26,73,140,161],"targeted":[27],"by":[28,77,142,187],"the":[29,45,89,137,157,178,184,209],"Trojans":[30],"to":[31,60,83,99,108,128,148,195,205,212],"cause":[32,213],"read/write":[33,64,126,214],"failure.":[34,215],"For":[35],"example,":[36],"NVM":[37,57],"read":[38,199],"operation":[39,59],"depends":[40],"on":[41],"clamp":[42,185],"voltage":[43,186],"which":[44,192],"adversary":[46],"manipulate.":[48],"Adversary":[49,122],"also":[51,124,175,202],"use":[52],"ground":[53],"bounce":[54],"generated":[55],"in":[56,208],"write":[58],"hamper":[61],"another":[62,109],"parallel":[63],"operation.":[65],"We":[66,174,201],"have":[67],"designed":[68],"Trojan":[70,90,138,180],"activated":[74,141],"and":[75,96,166],"deactivated":[76],"writing":[78,143],"specific":[80,145,150,197],"data":[81,97,146],"pattern":[82,147],"particular":[85],"address.":[86],"Once":[87,155],"activated,":[88,156],"couple":[92],"two":[93],"predetermined":[94,129],"addresses":[95],"written":[98],"one":[100],"address":[101,103,110,112,151],"(victim's":[102],"space)":[104],"will":[105,115],"get":[106],"copied":[107],"(adversary's":[111],"space).":[113],"This":[114],"leak":[116],"sensitive":[117],"information":[118],"e.g.,":[119],"encryption":[120],"keys.":[121],"create":[125],"failure":[127],"locations":[130],"(fault":[131],"injection).":[132],"Simulation":[133],"results":[134],"indicate":[135],"1956":[153],"times.":[154],"attack":[158],"duration":[159],"as":[162,164,167,169],"low":[163],"52.4\u03bcs":[165],"high":[168],"1.1ms":[170],"(with":[171],"reset-enable":[172],"trigger).":[173],"show":[176],"proposed":[179],"scale":[182],"down":[183],"400mV":[188],"from":[189],"optimum":[190],"value":[191],"is":[193],"sufficient":[194],"inject":[196,206],"data-polarity":[198],"error.":[200],"propose":[203],"techniques":[204],"noise":[207],"ground/power":[210],"rail":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}