{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945276917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714821","title":"A Binary Learning Framework for Hyperdimensional Computing","display_name":"A Binary Learning Framework for Hyperdimensional Computing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945276917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714821","mag":"2945276917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2019.8714821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714821","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033221192","display_name":"Mohsen Imani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Imani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052168156","display_name":"John Messerly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Messerly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113597664","display_name":"Fan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-8378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082036043","display_name":"Wang Pi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-0329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Pi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, P.R.China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025573294","display_name":"Tajana Rosing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tajana Rosing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033221192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8422,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96766554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"126","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.78900146484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.7382633090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6935953497886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5630745887756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5097996592521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.47437530755996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4720371961593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-decision-diagram","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","score":0.4555276036262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4270753860473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4261315166950226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.41945868730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38568711280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3609830141067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3386303186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.1973164975643158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.78900146484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.7382633090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6935953497886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5630745887756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5097996592521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.47437530755996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4720371961593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864155","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","level":2,"score":0.4555276036262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4270753860473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4261315166950226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.41945868730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38568711280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3609830141067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3386303186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.1973164975643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2019.8714821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8714821","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1129461654","https://openalex.org/W1857382374","https://openalex.org/W2025001960","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2144798162","https://openalex.org/W2158059210","https://openalex.org/W2342408547","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2610135452","https://openalex.org/W2613567208","https://openalex.org/W2750066038","https://openalex.org/W2750649338","https://openalex.org/W2752378145","https://openalex.org/W2771100829","https://openalex.org/W2797218224","https://openalex.org/W2797898470","https://openalex.org/W2807837291","https://openalex.org/W2890335815","https://openalex.org/W2897044384","https://openalex.org/W2900379535","https://openalex.org/W2952899695","https://openalex.org/W2963782760","https://openalex.org/W2964092203","https://openalex.org/W4232286453","https://openalex.org/W4242473664","https://openalex.org/W4361787200","https://openalex.org/W6627360898","https://openalex.org/W6639065193","https://openalex.org/W6683826617","https://openalex.org/W6748135177","https://openalex.org/W6751953977","https://openalex.org/W6752394539","https://openalex.org/W6754841496","https://openalex.org/W6755150923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286233754","https://openalex.org/W3194498821","https://openalex.org/W4319995060","https://openalex.org/W2765969193","https://openalex.org/W3040412425","https://openalex.org/W2019315587","https://openalex.org/W2105734423","https://openalex.org/W2953192649","https://openalex.org/W2076585565","https://openalex.org/W2945276917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain-inspired":[0],"Hyperdimensional":[1],"(HD)":[2],"computing":[3,6,54,101,152,175,234],"is":[4],"a":[5,9,39,94,119,155,196],"paradigm":[7],"emulating":[8],"neuron\u2019s":[10],"activity":[11],"in":[12,34,149,173,184,213],"high-dimensional":[13,24],"space.":[14],"In":[15,44,88,136,160],"practice,":[16],"HD":[17,53,74,100,123,151,174,183,233],"first":[18,164],"encodes":[19,111],"all":[20],"data":[21,59,112],"points":[22,60,113],"to":[23,46,57,61,102,114,124,154,181,186,199,230],"vectors,":[25],"called":[26],"hypervectors,":[27],"and":[28,77,86,105,117,133,142,191,219,222,226],"then":[29],"performs":[30],"the":[31,51,73,78,126,140,144,163,168,182,188,231,238],"classification":[32,49,208,240],"task":[33,128],"an":[35,178],"efficient":[36],"way":[37],"using":[38,107],"well-defined":[40],"set":[41],"of":[42,80,170],"operations.":[43],"order":[45,185],"provide":[47],"acceptable":[48],"accuracy,":[50],"current":[52],"algorithms":[55,153],"need":[56],"map":[58],"hypervectors":[62,116],"with":[63,68,129],"non-binary":[64,69],"elements.":[65],"However,":[66],"working":[67],"vectors":[70],"significantly":[71,130],"increases":[72],"computation":[75],"cost":[76],"amount":[79],"memory":[81,134],"requirement":[82],"for":[83,162],"both":[84],"training":[85,127,189,214],"inference.":[87],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"BinHD,":[93],"novel":[95],"learning":[96,171],"framework":[97,120],"which":[98,121,176],"enables":[99,122],"be":[103],"trained":[104],"tested":[106],"binary":[108,115],"hypervectors.":[109],"BinHD":[110,138,166,201,212],"provides":[118],"perform":[125],"low":[131],"resources":[132],"footprint.":[135],"inference,":[137],"binarizes":[139],"model":[141],"simplifies":[143],"costly":[145],"Cosine":[146],"similarity":[147],"used":[148],"existing":[150],"hardware-friendly":[156],"Hamming":[157],"distance":[158],"metric.":[159],"addition,":[161],"time,":[165],"introduces":[167],"concept":[169],"rate":[172],"gives":[177],"extra":[179],"knob":[180],"control":[187],"efficiency":[190,225],"accuracy.":[192,241],"We":[193],"accordingly":[194],"design":[195],"digital":[197],"hardware":[198],"accelerate":[200],"computation.":[202],"Our":[203],"evaluations":[204],"on":[205],"four":[206],"practical":[207],"applications":[209],"show":[210],"that":[211],"(inference)":[215],"can":[216],"achieve":[217],"12.4\u00d7":[218],"6.3\u00d7":[220],"(13.8\u00d7":[221],"9.9\u00d7)":[223],"energy":[224],"speedup":[227],"as":[228],"compared":[229],"state-of-the-art":[232],"algorithm":[235],"while":[236],"providing":[237],"similar":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}