{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2613938013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927113","title":"Double MAC: Doubling the performance of convolutional neural networks on modern FPGAs","display_name":"Double MAC: Doubling the performance of convolutional neural networks on modern FPGAs","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2613938013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927113","mag":"2613938013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2017.7927113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2017","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101637741","display_name":"Dong Thanh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-1313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038577249","display_name":"Dae Woo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-8086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daewoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780257","display_name":"Jongeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101637741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89820655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"890","last_page":"893"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8027510046958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7617526650428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7202268242835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6378771066665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6365205645561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6332452297210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5782476663589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simd","display_name":"SIMD","score":0.5661318898200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4600380063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.44697627425193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.43392032384872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39596736431121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3717333674430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3100236654281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.20588433742523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14015832543373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09474816918373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08603918552398682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8027510046958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7617526650428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7202268242835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6378771066665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6365205645561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6332452297210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5782476663589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150552126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339387","display_name":"SIMD","level":2,"score":0.5661318898200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4600380063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.44697627425193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.43392032384872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39596736431121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3717333674430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3100236654281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.20588433742523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14015832543373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09474816918373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08603918552398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date.2017.7927113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date.2017.7927113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2017","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/32773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7927113/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"CONFERENCE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1990315422","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2276486856","https://openalex.org/W2368124317","https://openalex.org/W2612090114","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2950094539","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2534771569","https://openalex.org/W2037547261","https://openalex.org/W4311812695","https://openalex.org/W1993644742","https://openalex.org/W4242015792","https://openalex.org/W2291920536","https://openalex.org/W2117788426","https://openalex.org/W1876592433","https://openalex.org/W2391910232","https://openalex.org/W2169963286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,34,39,57,77,99],"novel":[4],"method":[5],"to":[6],"double":[7],"the":[8,50,73,84,88,107],"computation":[9,74],"rate":[10],"of":[11,27,52,76],"convolutional":[12],"neural":[13],"network":[14,89],"(CNN)":[15],"accelerators":[16],"by":[17,80,96],"packing":[18],"two":[19],"multiply-and-accumulate":[20],"(MAC)":[21],"operations":[22,54],"into":[23],"one":[24],"DSP":[25,41],"block":[26,42],"off-the-shelf":[28],"FPGAs":[29],"(called":[30],"Double":[31,69],"MAC).":[32],"While":[33],"general":[35],"SIMD":[36],"MAC":[37,53,70],"using":[38],"single":[40],"seems":[43],"impossible,":[44],"our":[45,68],"solution":[46,104],"is":[47],"tailored":[48],"for":[49,56],"kind":[51],"required":[55],"convolution":[58],"layer.":[59],"Our":[60],"preliminary":[61],"evaluation":[62],"shows":[63],"that":[64],"not":[65],"only":[66],"can":[67,92],"approach":[71],"increase":[72],"throughput":[75],"CNN":[78,108],"layer":[79],"twice":[81],"with":[82],"essentially":[83],"same":[85],"resource":[86],"utilization,":[87],"level":[90],"performance":[91],"also":[93],"be":[94],"improved":[95],"14~84%":[97],"over":[98],"highly":[100],"optimized":[101],"state-of-the-art":[102],"accelerator":[103],"depending":[105],"on":[106],"hyper-parameters.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}