{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202787050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/dafx51585.2021.9768259","title":"Exposure Bias and State Matching in Recurrent Neural Network Virtual Analog Models","display_name":"Exposure Bias and State Matching in Recurrent Neural Network Virtual Analog Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202787050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/dafx51585.2021.9768259","mag":"3202787050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/dafx51585.2021.9768259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/dafx51585.2021.9768259","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 24th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dafx2020.mdw.ac.at/proceedings/papers/DAFx20in21_paper_12.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069045677","display_name":"Aleksi Peussa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksi Peussa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057417372","display_name":"Eero-Pekka Damsk\u00e4gg","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eero-Pekka Damskagg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033245122","display_name":"Thomas Sherson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-8226"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Sherson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044396558","display_name":"Stylianos Ioannis Mimilakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-5538"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stylianos I. Mimilakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081575688","display_name":"Lauri Juvela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-103X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauri Juvela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053227625","display_name":"Athanasios Gotsopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-4022"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Gotsopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural DSP Technologies, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021963945","display_name":"Vesa V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-292X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vesa Valimaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Acoustics Lab,Dept. of Signal Processing and Acoustics,Espoo,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Acoustics Lab,Dept. of Signal Processing and Acoustics,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069045677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6996,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76686713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"284","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6812599897384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5822523832321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.566750705242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.45311957597732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44195711612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12177127599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09164857864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08357217907905579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6812599897384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5822523832321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.566750705242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45311957597732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44195711612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12177127599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09164857864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08357217907905579}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/dafx51585.2021.9768259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/dafx51585.2021.9768259","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 24th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/110163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/61ab955b-d549-4ad2-94d4-8dbf614e760a","pdf_url":"https://dafx2020.mdw.ac.at/proceedings/papers/DAFx20in21_paper_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/110163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/61ab955b-d549-4ad2-94d4-8dbf614e760a","pdf_url":"https://dafx2020.mdw.ac.at/proceedings/papers/DAFx20in21_paper_12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202787050.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202787050.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648786980","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1547021691","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1959983357","https://openalex.org/W1988115241","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2103525130","https://openalex.org/W2142852645","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2161771317","https://openalex.org/W2176263492","https://openalex.org/W2542835211","https://openalex.org/W2791686384","https://openalex.org/W2804829424","https://openalex.org/W2897524142","https://openalex.org/W2907445178","https://openalex.org/W2949723897","https://openalex.org/W2962926189","https://openalex.org/W2963248296","https://openalex.org/W2963620441","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964268978","https://openalex.org/W2985308740","https://openalex.org/W2989894932","https://openalex.org/W3000389243","https://openalex.org/W3000751478","https://openalex.org/W3016027511","https://openalex.org/W3137265506","https://openalex.org/W3137652073","https://openalex.org/W3160553598","https://openalex.org/W3165173780","https://openalex.org/W4294149591","https://openalex.org/W6621543089","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6638545294","https://openalex.org/W6641231757","https://openalex.org/W6683258052","https://openalex.org/W6685322675","https://openalex.org/W6727862155","https://openalex.org/W6751711788","https://openalex.org/W6755443565","https://openalex.org/W6770171761","https://openalex.org/W6771763809","https://openalex.org/W6791600253","https://openalex.org/W6795651358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"analog":[1],"(VA)":[2],"modeling":[3,146,178],"using":[4],"neural":[5,17],"networks":[6,18,104,128],"(NNs)":[7],"has":[8],"great":[9],"potential":[10],"for":[11,23,90,119,129],"rapidly":[12],"producing":[13],"high-fidelity":[14],"models.":[15],"Recurrent":[16],"(RNNs)":[19],"are":[20],"especially":[21,188],"appealing":[22],"VA":[24,34],"due":[25],"to":[26,47,57,68],"their":[27,130],"connection":[28],"with":[29],"discrete":[30,109],"nodal":[31,110],"analysis.":[32,111],"Furthermore,":[33,169],"models":[35,66,155],"based":[36],"on":[37],"NNs":[38],"can":[39,63,161],"be":[40,162],"trained":[41],"efficiently":[42],"by":[43,164],"directly":[44],"exposing":[45],"them":[46],"the":[48,65,92,120,125,153,170,176,190],"circuit":[49,116],"states":[50],"in":[51,71,80,132,138,189,196],"a":[52,72,87,114,147,185,197],"gray-box":[53],"fashion.":[54],"However,":[55],"exposure":[56,158],"ground":[58],"truth":[59],"information":[60],"during":[61,135,141],"training":[62],"leave":[64],"susceptible":[67],"error":[69],"accumulation":[70],"free-running":[73],"mode,":[74],"also":[75],"known":[76],"as":[77,105],"\u201cexposure":[78],"bias\u201d":[79],"machine":[81],"learning":[82],"literature.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"presents":[86],"unified":[88],"framework":[89],"treating":[91],"previously":[93,126],"proposed":[94,171],"state":[95,133,172],"trajectory":[96],"network":[97],"(STN)":[98],"and":[99,122,137,184],"gated":[100],"recurrent":[101],"unit":[102],"(GRU)":[103],"special":[106],"cases":[107],"of":[108,180,192],"We":[112],"propose":[113],"novel":[115],"state-matching":[117],"mechanism":[118,174],"GRU":[121,177],"experimentally":[123],"compare":[124],"mentioned":[127],"performance":[131,179],"matching,":[134],"training,":[136],"ex-posure":[139],"bias,":[140,159],"inference.":[142],"Experimental":[143],"results":[144],"from":[145],"diode":[148],"clipper":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151],"all":[152],"tested":[154],"exhibit":[156],"some":[157],"which":[160],"mitigated":[163],"truncated":[165],"backpropagation":[166],"through":[167],"time.":[168],"matching":[173],"improves":[175],"an":[181],"overdrive":[182],"pedal":[183],"phaser":[186,198],"pedal,":[187],"presence":[191],"external":[193],"modulation,":[194],"apparent":[195],"circuit.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
