{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384834418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182101","title":"Evaluating Assumptions About the Role of Cyberspace in Warfighting: Evidence from Ukraine<sup>*</sup>","display_name":"Evaluating Assumptions About the Role of Cyberspace in Warfighting: Evidence from Ukraine<sup>*</sup>","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384834418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071848503","display_name":"Erica D. Lonergan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erica D. Lonergan","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Military Academy at West Point,Assistant Professor, Army Cyber Institute,West Point,NY,United States","Assistant Professor, Army Cyber Institute, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy at West Point,Assistant Professor, Army Cyber Institute,West Point,NY,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Army Cyber Institute, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101632972","display_name":"Margaret Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101762","display_name":"Electronic Warfare Associates (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01642ad53","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101762"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Irregular Warfare Initiative,Director, Cyber Project,Washington,DC,United States","Director, Cyber Project, Irregular Warfare Initiative, Washington, DC, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irregular Warfare Initiative,Director, Cyber Project,Washington,DC,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101762"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director, Cyber Project, Irregular Warfare Initiative, Washington, DC, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070644682","display_name":"Grace B. Mueller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-0189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace B. Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Military Academy at West Point,Postdoctoral Fellow, Army Cyber Institute,West Point,NY,United States","Postdoctoral Fellow, Army Cyber Institute, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy at West Point,Postdoctoral Fellow, Army Cyber Institute,West Point,NY,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Fellow, Army Cyber Institute, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071848503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82512193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.8202212452888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4841390550136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3395061194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2629410922527313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17879396677017212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.8202212452888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4841390550136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3395061194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2629410922527313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17879396677017212}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973976604","https://openalex.org/W2008906551","https://openalex.org/W2110485449","https://openalex.org/W2567613539","https://openalex.org/W2613636616","https://openalex.org/W2767475871","https://openalex.org/W2844491378","https://openalex.org/W3082134657","https://openalex.org/W4235553024","https://openalex.org/W4241742256","https://openalex.org/W4247764957","https://openalex.org/W6928667496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W3167675181","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W2360897455","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W2377660959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,22,53,71,82,99,103,116,130,143,151,159],"lead-up":[2],"to":[3,28,38,47,69,73,146],"Russia\u2019s":[4],"February":[5],"2022":[6],"invasion":[7],"of":[8,65,92,102,115,132,153,161],"Ukraine,":[9,37],"many":[10],"experts":[11],"offered":[12],"predictions":[13],"about":[14],"how":[15],"cyberspace":[16],"would":[17],"play":[18],"a":[19,30,87],"role":[20],"in":[21],"conflict.":[23],"Specifically,":[24],"analysts":[25,110],"expected":[26],"Russia":[27],"launch":[29,48],"cyber":[31,40,50,67,93,100,119,122,148],"\u201cshock":[32],"and":[33,46,90,121,142],"awe\u201d":[34],"campaign":[35],"against":[36,52],"integrate":[39],"operations":[41],"into":[42],"conventional":[43],"military":[44],"operations,":[45],"significant":[49,88,118],"attacks":[51,149],"West.":[54],"We":[55,155],"leverage":[56],"an":[57,63],"original":[58],"dataset,":[59],"as":[60,62,109],"well":[61],"analysis":[64],"several":[66],"incidents,":[68,94],"explore":[70],"extent":[72],"which":[74],"these":[75,162],"assumptions":[76],"match":[77],"up":[78],"with":[79],"reality.":[80],"While":[81],"Ukraine":[83],"conflict":[84],"has":[85,105],"witnessed":[86],"volume":[89],"diversity":[91],"our":[95],"research":[96],"indicates":[97],"that":[98],"dimension":[101],"war":[104],"not":[106,125],"played":[107],"out":[108],"initially":[111],"expected.":[112],"Additionally,":[113],"some":[114],"more":[117,138],"incidents":[120],"actors":[123,135],"were":[124],"anticipated":[126],"by":[127,157],"experts,":[128],"particularly":[129],"prominence":[131],"third-party":[133],"non-state":[134],"rather":[136],"than":[137],"sophisticated":[139],"nation-state":[140],"actors,":[141],"former\u2019s":[144],"willingness":[145],"conduct":[147],"beyond":[150],"theater":[152],"operations.":[154],"conclude":[156],"discussing":[158],"implications":[160],"findings":[163],"for":[164],"future":[165],"policymaking.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
