{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384834361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181559","title":"Sharpening the Spear: China\u2019s Information Warfare Lessons from Ukraine","display_name":"Sharpening the Spear: China\u2019s Information Warfare Lessons from Ukraine","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384834361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092503401","display_name":"Nate Beach-Westmoreland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322124587","display_name":"Booz Allen Hamilton (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/051rcp357","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322124587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nate Beach-Westmoreland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Booz Allen Hamilton,Strategic Cyber Threat Intelligence,McLean,VA,USA","Strategic Cyber Threat Intelligence, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Booz Allen Hamilton,Strategic Cyber Threat Intelligence,McLean,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322124587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Cyber Threat Intelligence, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322124587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092503401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322124587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82390301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"399","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contest","display_name":"CONTEST","score":0.7392548322677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.6883982419967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6370790600776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5153531432151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.4507293403148651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newspaper","display_name":"Newspaper","score":0.4414557218551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"Political economy","score":0.3962757885456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economy","display_name":"Economy","score":0.36452722549438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3628944754600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3119954466819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.29355698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20745906233787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.1968832015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1582387387752533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.7392548322677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.6883982419967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6370790600776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5153531432151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4507293403148651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.4414557218551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3962757885456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.36452722549438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3628944754600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3119954466819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29355698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20745906233787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.1968832015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1582387387752533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W2946214509","https://openalex.org/W2606108738","https://openalex.org/W4286740636","https://openalex.org/W2628063975","https://openalex.org/W2356479129","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W2387346515","https://openalex.org/W2352196451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,170],"paper":[1,61,99,112,151],"examines":[2],"the":[3,10,22,33,45,57,63,68,83,92,98,111,118,123,134,140,143,150,163],"lessons":[4],"about":[5,108],"information":[6,46,119],"warfare":[7],"(IW)":[8],"that":[9],"People\u2019s":[11,34],"Republic":[12],"of":[13,42,67,74,117,122,145],"China":[14],"(PRC)":[15],"is":[16],"likely":[17],"to":[18,154],"be":[19],"drawing":[20],"from":[21,165],"war":[23,84],"in":[24,85,147],"Ukraine.":[25],"To":[26],"do":[27],"so,":[28],"it":[29],"first":[30],"analyzes":[31,113],"how":[32],"Liberation":[35],"Army":[36],"(PLA)":[37],"has":[38],"developed":[39],"its":[40],"conception":[41],"states":[43],"contesting":[44],"environment":[47],"(IE),":[48],"formed":[49],"by":[50,179],"studying":[51],"wars":[52],"and":[53,72,96,142,167,176],"protest":[54],"movements":[55],"since":[56],"Gulf":[58],"War.":[59],"The":[60],"describes":[62],"PLA\u2019s":[64],"evolving":[65],"assessment":[66],"growing":[69],"importance,":[70],"scope,":[71],"features":[73],"this":[75],"contest.":[76],"Because":[77],"PRC":[78,114,164],"strategic":[79],"analysts":[80],"typically":[81],"frame":[82],"Ukraine":[86],"as":[87],"a":[88,155],"proxy":[89],"conflict":[90,120],"between":[91],"United":[93],"States":[94],"(U.S.)":[95],"Russia,":[97],"then":[100],"briefly":[101],"compares":[102],"all":[103],"three":[104],"states\u2019":[105],"doctrinal":[106],"beliefs":[107],"IW.":[109,148],"Second,":[110],"theorists\u2019":[115],"assessments":[116],"dimension":[121],"Russia\u2013Ukraine":[124],"war.":[125],"Principally,":[126],"these":[127],"insights":[128],"concern":[129],"narrative":[130],"setting":[131],"around":[132],"conflicts,":[133],"initial":[135],"war\u2019s":[136],"long-term":[137],"impact":[138],"on":[139],"IE,":[141],"role":[144],"cyberattacks":[146],"Finally,":[149],"offers":[152],"recommendations":[153],"strategic-level":[156],"NATO":[157],"audience":[158],"concerning":[159],"IE":[160],"engagement":[161],"with":[162],"defensive":[166],"offensive":[168],"perspectives.":[169],"paper\u2019s":[171],"main":[172],"sources":[173],"are":[174],"journal":[175],"newspaper":[177],"articles":[178],"leading":[180],"PLA-affiliated":[181],"IW":[182],"theorists":[183],"written":[184],"for":[185],"an":[186],"internal":[187],"national":[188],"security":[189],"audience.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}