{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3182563333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467804","title":"Explainable AI for Classifying Devices on the Internet","display_name":"Explainable AI for Classifying Devices on the Internet","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3182563333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467804","mag":"3182563333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089091345","display_name":"Art\u016brs Lavrenovs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802296436","display_name":"NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence","ror":"https://ror.org/050reks70","country_code":"EE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802296436","https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arturs Lavrenovs","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATO CCDCOE,Tallinn,Estonia","NATO CCDCOE, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO CCDCOE,Tallinn,Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802296436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO CCDCOE, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802296436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014584547","display_name":"Roman Graf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114146","display_name":"Accenture (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0262ezr32","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093804","https://openalex.org/I4210114146"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture GmbH,Vienna,Austria","Accenture GmbH, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture GmbH,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210114146"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089091345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802296436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7229535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"291","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6594295501708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6468970775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4044107496738434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3757492005825043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6594295501708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6468970775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4044107496738434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3757492005825043}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon51939.2021.9467804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487370128","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W2101154521","https://openalex.org/W2139725602","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2608113618","https://openalex.org/W2621148797","https://openalex.org/W2768718335","https://openalex.org/W2888774481","https://openalex.org/W2895909303","https://openalex.org/W2899882365","https://openalex.org/W2901909474","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2971303201","https://openalex.org/W3003450250","https://openalex.org/W3003615384","https://openalex.org/W3028926921","https://openalex.org/W3034480370","https://openalex.org/W3039471162","https://openalex.org/W3040887543","https://openalex.org/W3095838287","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4288079454","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6753952642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W582605872","https://openalex.org/W564884363","https://openalex.org/W653480744","https://openalex.org/W2069131781","https://openalex.org/W2523648043","https://openalex.org/W1480407475","https://openalex.org/W2799978978","https://openalex.org/W603931235","https://openalex.org/W2105889755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Devices":[0],"reachable":[1,235],"on":[2,18,129,157,236],"the":[3,14,30,49,55,70,96,120,130,158,161,185,230,237,253,292],"Internet":[4,131,238],"pose":[5],"varying":[6],"levels":[7],"of":[8,33,51,57,82,109,151,155,291],"risk":[9],"to":[10,47,66,77,98,102,141,240,283],"their":[11,19,27,38],"owners":[12],"and":[13,21,219,239,277],"wider":[15],"public,":[16],"depending":[17],"role":[20],"functionality,":[22],"which":[23,251],"can":[24,220],"be":[25,67,198,221],"considered":[26],"class.":[28],"Discussing":[29],"security":[31],"implications":[32],"these":[34,145],"devices":[35,128,156,195,234],"without":[36],"knowing":[37],"classes":[39],"is":[40,211],"impractical.":[41],"There":[42],"are":[43,146,256],"multiple":[44],"AI":[45,249],"methods":[46],"solve":[48],"challenge":[50],"classifying":[52,233],"devices.":[53],"Since":[54],"number":[56],"significant":[58,258],"features":[59,254],"in":[60,69,124,216],"device":[61,165],"HTTP":[62],"response":[63],"was":[64],"determined":[65],"low":[68],"existing":[71],"word-embedding":[72],"neural":[73],"network,":[74],"we":[75,94,244],"elected":[76],"employ":[78],"an":[79,152,202],"alternative":[80],"method":[81,89,280],"Naive":[83,87,272],"Bayes":[84,88,273],"classification.":[85],"The":[86,106],"demonstrated":[90],"high":[91,182],"accuracy,":[92,243],"but":[93,188],"recognise":[95],"need":[97],"explain":[99],"classification":[100,104,121,166,217,242,260,275],"results":[101,122,179,218],"improve":[103,241,285],"accuracy.":[105],"black-box":[107],"implementation":[108],"Artificial":[110],"Neural":[111,168],"Networks":[112,169],"has":[113,170],"been":[114,134],"a":[115,173,246,264,288],"serious":[116],"concern":[117],"when":[118],"evaluating":[119],"produced":[123],"most":[125,257],"fields.":[126],"While":[127],"have":[132],"historically":[133],"classified":[135],"manually":[136],"or":[137],"using":[138,167,278],"trivial":[139],"fingerprinting":[140],"match":[142],"major":[143],"vendors,":[144],"not":[147],"feasible":[148],"anymore":[149],"because":[150],"ever-increasing":[153],"variety":[154],"Internet.":[159],"In":[160],"last":[162],"few":[163],"years,":[164],"emerged":[171],"as":[172],"new":[174],"research":[175,178],"direction.":[176],"These":[177],"often":[180],"claim":[181],"accuracy":[183,286],"through":[184,189],"validation":[186],"employed,":[187],"random":[190],"sampling":[191],"there":[192],"always":[193],"occur":[194],"that":[196,201,255],"cannot":[197],"easily":[199],"classified,":[200],"expert":[203],"intuitively":[204],"would":[205],"classify":[206],"differently.":[207],"Addressing":[208],"this":[209,279],"issue":[210],"critical":[212],"for":[213,232,259],"establishing":[214],"trust":[215],"achieved":[222],"by":[223],"employing":[224],"explainable":[225,248],"AI.":[226],"To":[227],"better":[228,289],"understand":[229],"models":[231],"developed":[245],"novel":[247],"method,":[250],"returns":[252],"decisions.":[261],"We":[262],"employed":[263],"Local":[265],"Interpretable":[266],"Model-Agnostic":[267],"Explanations":[268],"(LIME)":[269],"framework":[270],"toexplain":[271],"model":[274],"results,":[276],"were":[281],"able":[282],"further":[284],"with":[287],"understanding":[290],"results.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}