{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2855392440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon.2018.8405027","title":"Screen watermarking for data theft investigation and attribution","display_name":"Screen watermarking for data theft investigation and attribution","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2855392440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon.2018.8405027","mag":"2855392440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon.2018.8405027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon.2018.8405027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069424041","display_name":"David Gugelmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gugelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009936032","display_name":"David Sommer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3435-8727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048330561","display_name":"Vincent Lenders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2289-3722"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Lenders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armasuisse, Thun, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armasuisse, Thun, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043416855","display_name":"Markus Happe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-0870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Happe","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070110259","display_name":"Laurent Vanbever","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-4381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Vanbever","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.06,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82529637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"391","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7997410893440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.7266433238983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6534398794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5768122673034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5313283205032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5128562450408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.4943110942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22985276579856873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7997410893440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.7266433238983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6534398794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5768122673034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5313283205032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5128562450408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.4943110942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22985276579856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon.2018.8405027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon.2018.8405027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79957971","https://openalex.org/W1493698890","https://openalex.org/W1524144700","https://openalex.org/W1584844572","https://openalex.org/W1989000482","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W2015024249","https://openalex.org/W2016019817","https://openalex.org/W2076385485","https://openalex.org/W2083122891","https://openalex.org/W2083992397","https://openalex.org/W2093104721","https://openalex.org/W2114636141","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2134415040","https://openalex.org/W2146170623","https://openalex.org/W2147073340","https://openalex.org/W2156351904","https://openalex.org/W2158518777","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2542025225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Organizations":[0],"not":[1,268],"only":[2],"need":[3],"to":[4,69,93,171,199,214,221],"defend":[5],"their":[6,32],"IT":[7],"systems":[8],"against":[9,279],"external":[10],"cyber":[11],"attackers,":[12],"but":[13,155,218],"also":[14],"from":[15,77,159,181,251],"malicious":[16,27,37],"insiders,":[17],"that":[18,75,138,192,211,240,263],"is,":[19],"agents":[20],"who":[21],"have":[22],"infiltrated":[23],"an":[24,169,235,259],"organization":[25,170],"or":[26],"members":[28],"stealing":[29],"information":[30,141],"for":[31],"own":[33],"profit.":[34],"In":[35],"particular,":[36],"insiders":[38],"can":[39,121,156,241],"leak":[40,180],"a":[41,59,63,67,72,103,112,133,208],"document":[42,52,86],"by":[43,270],"simply":[44],"opening":[45],"it":[46,91],"and":[47,95,175,248,253,272],"taking":[48,227],"pictures":[49,160],"of":[50,99,108,161,177,189,276],"the":[51,55,85,97,100,106,165,173,178,190,193,215,222,274],"displayed":[53],"on":[54,142,164],"computer":[56,143],"screen":[57,135,265],"with":[58,234],"digital":[60,64,204],"camera.":[61],"Using":[62],"camera":[65,113],"allows":[66,168],"perpetrator":[68],"easily":[70],"avoid":[71],"log":[73],"trail":[74],"results":[76],"using":[78],"traditional":[79],"communication":[80],"channels,":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"sending":[84],"via":[87],"email.":[88],"This":[89],"makes":[90],"difficult":[92],"identify":[94],"prove":[96],"identity":[98],"perpetrator.":[101],"Even":[102],"policy":[104],"prohibiting":[105],"use":[107],"any":[109],"device":[110],"containing":[111],"cannot":[114],"eliminate":[115],"this":[116,128,231],"threat":[117],"since":[118],"tiny":[119],"cameras":[120],"be":[122,157],"hidden":[123,140],"almost":[124],"everywhere.":[125],"To":[126],"address":[127],"leakage":[129],"vector,":[130],"we":[131],"propose":[132],"novel":[134],"watermarking":[136],"technique":[137],"embeds":[139],"screens":[144],"displaying":[145],"text":[146],"documents.":[147],"The":[148],"watermark":[149],"is":[150,196,212],"imperceptible":[151],"during":[152],"regular":[153],"use,":[154],"extracted":[158],"documents":[162],"shown":[163],"screen,":[166],"which":[167],"reconstruct":[172],"place":[174],"time":[176],"data":[179],"recovered":[182],"leaked":[183],"pictures.":[184,228,255],"Our":[185],"approach":[186],"takes":[187],"advantage":[188],"fact":[191],"human":[194,216],"eye":[195],"less":[197],"sensitive":[198],"small":[200],"luminance":[201],"changes":[202],"than":[203],"cameras.":[205],"We":[206,229,256],"devise":[207],"symbol":[209,232],"shape":[210,233],"invisible":[213],"eye,":[217],"still":[219],"robust":[220],"image":[223,280],"artifacts":[224],"introduced":[225],"when":[226],"complement":[230],"error":[236,246],"correction":[237],"coding":[238],"scheme":[239],"handle":[242],"very":[243],"high":[244],"bit":[245],"rates":[247],"retrieve":[249],"watermarks":[250,266,278],"cropped":[252],"compressed":[254],"show":[257],"in":[258],"experimental":[260],"user":[261],"study":[262],"our":[264,277],"are":[267],"perceivable":[269],"humans":[271],"analyze":[273],"robustness":[275],"modifications.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}