{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187095942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495983","title":"Random forest based classification of retroreflective foils for visible light sensing of an indoor moving object","display_name":"Random forest based classification of retroreflective foils for visible light sensing of an indoor moving object","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187095942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495983","mag":"3187095942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 16th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063445886","display_name":"Andreas P. Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13402291","display_name":"Joanneum Research","ror":"https://ror.org/049bdss47","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas P. Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics \u2013 Smart Connected Lighting, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.mbH, Pinkafeld, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics \u2013 Smart Connected Lighting, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.mbH, Pinkafeld, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002288018","display_name":"Kushal Madane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13402291","display_name":"Joanneum Research","ror":"https://ror.org/049bdss47","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kushal Madane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics \u2013 Smart Connected Lighting, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.mbH, Pinkafeld, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics \u2013 Smart Connected Lighting, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.mbH, Pinkafeld, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017268410","display_name":"Franz P. Wenzl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-7597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13402291","display_name":"Joanneum Research","ror":"https://ror.org/049bdss47","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz P. Wenzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics \u2013 Smart Connected Lighting, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.mbH, Pinkafeld, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics \u2013 Smart Connected Lighting, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.mbH, Pinkafeld, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006834895","display_name":"Erich Leitgeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erich Leitgeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Technical University Graz, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Technical University Graz, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063445886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13402291"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5520008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"78","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7513747811317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7122048139572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5820572376251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5524724721908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5323083400726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.48163169622421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colored","display_name":"Colored","score":0.4771154224872589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4639221429824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45430973172187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4294849932193756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13445937633514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7513747811317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7122048139572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5820572376251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5524724721908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5323083400726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.48163169622421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778307483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5149038","display_name":"Colored","level":2,"score":0.4771154224872589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4639221429824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45430973172187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4294849932193756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13445937633514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 16th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131850886","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2344069038","https://openalex.org/W2379838048","https://openalex.org/W2611843518","https://openalex.org/W2789847116","https://openalex.org/W2801270058","https://openalex.org/W2892412810","https://openalex.org/W2935876239","https://openalex.org/W2969070156","https://openalex.org/W2985752695","https://openalex.org/W2990151901","https://openalex.org/W2991134862","https://openalex.org/W3007447684","https://openalex.org/W3010010189","https://openalex.org/W3042667087","https://openalex.org/W3045591768","https://openalex.org/W3081002520","https://openalex.org/W3123399734","https://openalex.org/W3155695680","https://openalex.org/W6680146123","https://openalex.org/W6789004037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2524507886","https://openalex.org/W2283162247","https://openalex.org/W2975200075","https://openalex.org/W2956571887","https://openalex.org/W2008001747","https://openalex.org/W2417235025","https://openalex.org/W3083345301","https://openalex.org/W3089100170","https://openalex.org/W2026349903","https://openalex.org/W4297745007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"based":[1,201],"on":[2,47,94,202],"visible":[3],"light":[4,117,134],"sensing":[5],"can":[6,34,141,161],"relief":[7],"some":[8],"of":[9,22,31,54,63,73,105,114,148,154,158,210,219],"the":[10,15,38,48,52,55,69,100,109,132,136,146,152,156,159,176,179,203,217,220],"anticipated":[11],"challenges":[12],"arising":[13],"from":[14,135],"predicted":[16],"massive":[17],"increase":[18],"in":[19,90,228],"connected":[20],"Internet":[21],"Thing":[23],"devices.":[24],"For":[25,108],"example,":[26],"identification":[27],"and":[28,122,190,206,235],"speed":[29,157],"determination":[30],"mobile":[32,138],"objects":[33,56],"be":[35,162],"achieved":[36,163],"without":[37],"necessity":[39],"to":[40,174,198],"place":[41],"actively":[42],"powered":[43],"devices":[44],"or":[45],"sensors":[46],"object":[49,97,160],"itself.":[50],"Instead,":[51],"surfaces":[53],"are":[57,195],"simply":[58],"equipped":[59],"(coded)":[60],"with":[61,164,230],"sequences":[62],"differently":[64,86],"colored":[65,87],"foils,":[66],"which":[67],"affect":[68],"respective":[70,110],"spectral":[71],"compositions":[72],"reflected":[74,133],"light.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"work,":[78],"we":[79,140],"present":[80],"an":[81,199],"innovative":[82],"approach":[83,181],"for":[84,131,187,224],"classifying":[85],"retroreflective":[88],"foils":[89],"varying":[91],"size":[92],"configurations":[93],"a":[95,115,120,123,129,170],"moving":[96],"by":[98],"utilizing":[99,169],"supervised":[101],"machine":[102],"learning":[103],"algorithm":[104,200],"random":[106,177,221],"forest.":[107],"experimental":[111],"setup,":[112],"consisting":[113],"single":[116,124],"source":[118],"(as":[119,128],"transmitter)":[121],"RGB":[125],"sensitive":[126],"photodiode":[127],"receiver":[130],"coded":[137],"object),":[139],"show":[142],"that":[143],"not":[144],"only":[145,183],"task":[147,153],"identification,":[149],"but":[150],"also":[151],"determining":[155],"98.8":[165],"%":[166],"accuracy.":[167],"By":[168],"minimal":[171,184],"feature":[172],"set":[173],"create":[175],"forest,":[178],"proposed":[180],"requires":[182],"computational":[185,238],"effort":[186],"model":[188,223],"generation":[189],"classification.":[191],"The":[192,213],"therewith-achieved":[193],"results":[194],"directly":[196],"compared":[197],"more":[204],"complex":[205],"resource":[207],"demanding":[208],"method":[209],"Euclidian":[211],"distances.":[212],"satisfying":[214],"congruence":[215],"discloses":[216],"applicability":[218],"forest":[222],"such":[225],"tasks,":[226],"especially":[227],"scenarios":[229],"highly":[231],"limited":[232,236],"memory":[233],"resources":[234],"available":[237],"performance.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
