{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190859666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495962","title":"Using Approximation of Standard Deviation and Variance in Flow Features for Efficient Intrusion Detection","display_name":"Using Approximation of Standard Deviation and Variance in Flow Features for Efficient Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190859666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495962","mag":"3190859666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 16th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017960464","display_name":"Dora Pu\u0161elj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dora Puselj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043011965","display_name":"Lovro Katic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lovro Katic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025327236","display_name":"Dominik Ostroski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Ostroski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005871276","display_name":"Ivona Brajdi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivona Brajdic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070606009","display_name":"Karlo Slovenec","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karlo Slovenec","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,Zagreb,Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017960464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13268757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7621307373046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6796352863311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-thumb","display_name":"Rule of thumb","score":0.6632106900215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5741024017333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5722010731697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5553634166717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5364141464233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.49058428406715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.47706615924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4719209671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4562590718269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4143306016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3306698203086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3249920606613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2272999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21056032180786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1082303524017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07630252838134766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7621307373046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6796352863311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89246107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398821","display_name":"Rule of thumb","level":2,"score":0.6632106900215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5741024017333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5722010731697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5553634166717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5364141464233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.49058428406715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.47706615924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4719209671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4562590718269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4143306016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3306698203086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3249920606613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2272999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21056032180786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1082303524017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07630252838134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/contel52528.2021.9495962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 16th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1842480964","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2574198446","https://openalex.org/W2762776925","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2922140331","https://openalex.org/W2963748489","https://openalex.org/W3009422166","https://openalex.org/W3011446929","https://openalex.org/W6732050360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2036433081","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2105580438","https://openalex.org/W1585653081","https://openalex.org/W2057435755","https://openalex.org/W2125697570","https://openalex.org/W1989421158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intrusion":[0,62],"Detection":[1,63],"Systems":[2,64],"(IDS)":[3],"are":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,43,55,60,89,93,102,116],"the":[7,39,56,70,99,103,114,117,122,128,132],"most":[8],"important":[9],"defense":[10],"tools":[11],"against":[12],"dangerous":[13],"and":[14,30,52,76],"sophisticated":[15],"network":[16,22,36],"attacks.":[17],"In":[18],"recent":[19],"years":[20],"high-speed":[21,35],"interfaces":[23],"have":[24],"become":[25],"common":[26],"in":[27,106],"data":[28],"centers":[29],"servers.":[31],"To":[32],"process":[33],"such":[34],"traffic":[37],"entirely,":[38],"feature":[40,57],"extraction":[41,58],"phase":[42,59],"an":[44],"IDS":[45],"must":[46],"be":[47,66],"highly":[48],"efficient.":[49],"The":[50,110],"speed":[51],"overall":[53],"efficiency":[54],"anomaly-based":[61],"can":[65],"improved":[67],"by":[68,135],"substituting":[69],"exact":[71,94],"values":[72,95,134],"for":[73],"standard":[74],"deviation":[75],"variance":[77],"with":[78],"lower":[79],"complexity":[80],"approximations.":[81],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"demonstrates":[84],"that":[85,113],"using":[86,121,131],"range":[87],"rule":[88],"thumb":[90],"approximations":[91,123],"instead":[92],"does":[96,124],"not":[97,125],"affect":[98],"classification":[100],"results":[101,111,129],"model":[104,118],"tested":[105],"its":[107],"various":[108],"configurations.":[109],"show":[112],"accuracy":[115],"output":[119],"obtained":[120,130],"differ":[126],"from":[127],"real":[133],"more":[136],"than":[137],"0.05%.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}