{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116775257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297540","title":"Energy-Efficient Placement and Association in Disaggregated O-RAN","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Placement and Association in Disaggregated O-RAN","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116775257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297540"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093111502","display_name":"Hiba Hojeij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3794-4363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiba Hojeij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006496038","display_name":"Sahar Hoteit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-5391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Hoteit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020257136","display_name":"V\u00e9ronique V\u00e8que","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-6020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00e9ronique V\u00e8que","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071986636","display_name":"Alexis I. Aravanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-1941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexis I. Aravanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup&#x00E9;lec, CNRS, L2S, Gif-sur-Yvette,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9410129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.8532000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.8532000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-stack","display_name":"Protocol stack","score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4083000123500824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7330999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776628324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22222748","display_name":"Frequency assignment","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799721360206604,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3028002358","https://openalex.org/W3136203220","https://openalex.org/W3172408309","https://openalex.org/W3207153880","https://openalex.org/W3207648374","https://openalex.org/W4200135340","https://openalex.org/W4384157892","https://openalex.org/W4385232445","https://openalex.org/W4393056812","https://openalex.org/W4401609539","https://openalex.org/W4404371472","https://openalex.org/W4406076014","https://openalex.org/W4409375776","https://openalex.org/W4410087646"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"modern":[1],"Open":[2],"RAN":[3],"architectures,":[4],"the":[5,30,71,82,123],"traditional":[6],"gNB":[7],"protocol":[8],"stack":[9],"is":[10],"disaggregated":[11],"into":[12],"virtualized":[13],"components,":[14],"Centralized":[15],"Unit":[16,19,23],"(CU),":[17],"Distributed":[18],"(DU),":[20],"and":[21,48,64,68,94,121],"Radio":[22],"(RU),":[24],"which":[25],"are":[26],"flexibly":[27],"deployed":[28],"across":[29],"infrastructure":[31],"to":[32,54,90,114],"meet":[33],"diverse":[34],"QoS":[35],"requirements.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"an":[40,85],"energyaware":[41],"model":[42,72],"that":[43,102],"jointly":[44],"optimizes":[45],"user":[46],"association":[47],"virtual":[49],"network":[50],"function":[51],"(VNF)":[52],"placement":[53],"minimize":[55],"total":[56],"system":[57],"energy":[58,74,116],"consumption.":[59],"By":[60],"dynamically":[61],"consolidating":[62],"workloads":[63],"selectively":[65],"activating":[66],"radio":[67],"compute":[69],"resources,":[70],"reduces":[73,125],"usage":[75],"without":[76],"compromising":[77],"service":[78],"constraints.":[79],"We":[80],"formulate":[81],"problem":[83,88],"as":[84],"integer":[86],"linear":[87],"(ILP)":[89],"obtain":[91],"optimal":[92,105],"solutions":[93],"introduce":[95],"a":[96],"Graph":[97],"Neural":[98],"Network":[99],"(GNN)-based":[100],"heuristic":[101],"closely":[103],"approximates":[104],"placements":[106],"in":[107],"real":[108],"time.":[109],"Simulation":[110],"results":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"up":[113],"75%":[115],"savings":[117],"at":[118],"low":[119],"loads":[120],"show":[122],"GNN":[124],"execution":[126],"time":[127],"by":[128],"over":[129],"$99":[130],"\\%$":[131],"while":[132],"maintaining":[133],"near-optimal":[134],"performance.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}
