{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116721806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297533","title":"TITAN DGA: Enhancing DGA Evasiveness through a Transformer-based Autoencoder and Adversarial Self-Augmentation","display_name":"TITAN DGA: Enhancing DGA Evasiveness through a Transformer-based Autoencoder and Adversarial Self-Augmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116721806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297533"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118995303","display_name":"Rafael C. Pregardier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael C. Pregardier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120959821","display_name":"Luiz A. C. Bianchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz A. C. Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011138817","display_name":"V. Garcia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinicius F. Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120971403","display_name":"Burkhard Stiller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burkhard Stiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029891245","display_name":"Lu\u00eds A. L. Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis A. L. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120962828","display_name":"Carlos R. P. Dos Santos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos R. P. Dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7114999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7114999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.07639999687671661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.06689999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9258000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7161999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titan","display_name":"Titan (rocket family)","score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evasion","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","score":0.3531999886035919}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9258000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7161999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50805821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136670","display_name":"Titan (rocket family)","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm67658.2025.11297533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981294881","https://openalex.org/W2021753915","https://openalex.org/W2191989567","https://openalex.org/W2528572867","https://openalex.org/W2768793959","https://openalex.org/W2904027722","https://openalex.org/W2912464539","https://openalex.org/W2942650110","https://openalex.org/W2954590176","https://openalex.org/W2963250244","https://openalex.org/W3176640400","https://openalex.org/W4290991003","https://openalex.org/W4297099963","https://openalex.org/W4312324489","https://openalex.org/W4327564959","https://openalex.org/W4328028678","https://openalex.org/W4383753505","https://openalex.org/W4385196542","https://openalex.org/W4390670183","https://openalex.org/W4402957797","https://openalex.org/W4404756055","https://openalex.org/W4409222786","https://openalex.org/W4410358867","https://openalex.org/W4410716777","https://openalex.org/W4412445370"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"adversarial":[1,64,105,115],"Domain":[2],"Generation":[3],"Algorithms":[4],"(DGAs)":[5],"often":[6],"fail":[7],"to":[8,52,57,66,101],"produce":[9],"realistic":[10],"synthetic":[11,59],"domains":[12],"because":[13],"their":[14],"sequential":[15],"models":[16],"cannot":[17],"adequately":[18],"capture":[19],"complex":[20],"character":[21],"dependencies":[22,56],"within":[23],"domain":[24],"names.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"presents":[28],"TITAN":[29,119],"DGA,":[30],"a":[31,40,46,83,92],"new":[32],"approach":[33,85,94],"that":[34,86,95,118],"addresses":[35],"this":[36],"limitation":[37],"by":[38],"integrating":[39],"Generative":[41],"Adversarial":[42],"Network":[43],"(GAN)":[44],"with":[45],"Transformer-based":[47],"autoencoder,":[48],"enabling":[49],"the":[50,103],"model":[51,73],"effectively":[53],"learn":[54],"long-range":[55],"generate":[58],"domains.":[60],"The":[61,72],"solution":[62],"incorporates":[63],"self-augmentation":[65],"enhance":[67],"evasiveness":[68],"through":[69],"iterative":[70],"retraining.":[71],"learns":[74],"from":[75],"its":[76],"own":[77],"generated":[78],"samples":[79],"using":[80],"two":[81],"strategies:":[82],"broad":[84],"improves":[87],"overall":[88],"generation":[89],"quality,":[90],"and":[91,113],"targeted":[93],"specifically":[96],"leverages":[97],"previously":[98],"successful":[99],"evasions":[100],"refine":[102],"model\u2019s":[104],"capabilities.":[106],"Comprehensive":[107],"evaluation":[108],"against":[109],"multiple":[110],"state-of-the-art":[111],"classifiers":[112],"competing":[114],"DGAs":[116],"demonstrates":[117],"DGA":[120],"achieves":[121],"superior":[122],"evasion":[123],"rates":[124],"while":[125],"maintaining":[126],"realism.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}