{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405156629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814626","title":"NetGlyph: Representation Learning to generate Network Traffic with Transformers","display_name":"NetGlyph: Representation Learning to generate Network Traffic with Transformers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405156629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://laas.hal.science/hal-04797964/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115049919","display_name":"Gabin Noblet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190497903","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/03vcm6439","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I190497903","https://openalex.org/I193033237","https://openalex.org/I196454796","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabin Noblet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS,LAAS - CNRS,Toulouse,France","Custocy (1244 L\u2019Occitane, \r\n31670 Lab\u00e8ge - France)","LAAS-SARA - \u00c9quipe Services et Architectures pour R\u00e9seaux Avanc\u00e9s (France)","LAAS - Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des syst\u00e8mes (7 Av du colonel Roche 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS,LAAS - CNRS,Toulouse,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I190497903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Custocy (1244 L\u2019Occitane, \r\n31670 Lab\u00e8ge - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAAS-SARA - \u00c9quipe Services et Architectures pour R\u00e9seaux Avanc\u00e9s (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190497903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAAS - Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des syst\u00e8mes (7 Av du colonel Roche 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190497903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029542064","display_name":"C\u00e9dric Lefebvre","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9dric Lefebvre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Custocy,Toulouse,France","Custocy (1244 L\u2019Occitane, \r\n31670 Lab\u00e8ge - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Custocy,Toulouse,France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Custocy (1244 L\u2019Occitane, \r\n31670 Lab\u00e8ge - France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091296528","display_name":"Philippe Owezarski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7713-7003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190497903","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/03vcm6439","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I190497903","https://openalex.org/I193033237","https://openalex.org/I196454796","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Owezarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS,LAAS - CNRS,Toulouse,France","LAAS-SARA - \u00c9quipe Services et Architectures pour R\u00e9seaux Avanc\u00e9s (France)","LAAS - Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des syst\u00e8mes (7 Av du colonel Roche 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse, CNRS,LAAS - CNRS,Toulouse,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I190497903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAAS-SARA - \u00c9quipe Services et Architectures pour R\u00e9seaux Avanc\u00e9s (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190497903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAAS - Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des syst\u00e8mes (7 Av du colonel Roche 31077 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190497903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083670919","display_name":"William Ritchie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-1439"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Ritchie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Custocy,Toulouse,France","Custocy (1244 L\u2019Occitane, \r\n31670 Lab\u00e8ge - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Custocy,Toulouse,France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Custocy (1244 L\u2019Occitane, \r\n31670 Lab\u00e8ge - France)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9114999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159521579742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6052165627479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4146634340286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4129682183265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-network","display_name":"Learning network","score":0.41246360540390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39724472165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3391738831996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1697680950164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15137359499931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.06848248839378357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159521579742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6052165627479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4146634340286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4129682183265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987015589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040098","display_name":"Learning network","level":2,"score":0.41246360540390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39724472165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3391738831996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1697680950164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15137359499931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06848248839378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04797964v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://laas.hal.science/hal-04797964","pdf_url":"https://laas.hal.science/hal-04797964/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM 2024), Oct 2024, Prague, Czech Republic","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04797964v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://laas.hal.science/hal-04797964","pdf_url":"https://laas.hal.science/hal-04797964/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM 2024), Oct 2024, Prague, Czech Republic","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405156629.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2752796333","https://openalex.org/W2964268978","https://openalex.org/W3180355996","https://openalex.org/W6601642693","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6666761814","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6753368069","https://openalex.org/W6755292964","https://openalex.org/W6757146666","https://openalex.org/W6771341621","https://openalex.org/W6774751802","https://openalex.org/W6789054411","https://openalex.org/W6802517614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W4252076617","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2795079307","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2793058541","https://openalex.org/W4317464250","https://openalex.org/W3202668459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"security":[1],"has":[2,48],"been":[3,24],"a":[4,66,79,84,110,122,137,168],"significant":[5],"concern":[6],"in":[7],"recent":[8],"years.":[9],"Due":[10],"to":[11,26,40,82,102,105,132,172],"the":[12,51,119,149,155],"rising":[13],"number":[14],"and":[15,74,129,152],"complexity":[16],"of":[17,53,68,87,112,124],"cyber-attacks,":[18],"Machine":[19],"Learning":[20],"(ML)":[21],"models":[22,33],"have":[23],"proposed":[25],"enhance":[27],"intrusion":[28],"detection.":[29],"However,":[30],"training":[31],"these":[32],"requires":[34],"extensive":[35],"data,":[36],"which":[37],"is":[38,145],"challenging":[39],"collect.":[41],"To":[42],"tackle":[43],"this":[44,96,100],"issue,":[45],"previous":[46],"work":[47],"focused":[49],"on":[50,121,163],"generation":[52,166],"synthetic":[54],"network":[55,63,88,107,164,184],"traffic":[56,64,89,165],"data":[57,150],"using":[58,90,167],"generative":[59],"neural":[60],"networks.":[61],"Considering":[62],"as":[65,109],"sequence":[67,111],"packets":[69],"that":[70,135,142,177],"contains":[71],"continuous,":[72],"discrete,":[73],"binary":[75],"features,":[76],"we":[77,98],"propose":[78],"novel":[80],"approach":[81],"learn":[83,103],"discrete":[85,113],"representation":[86],"Vector-Quantized":[91],"Variational":[92],"Autoencoders":[93],"(VQ-VAE).":[94],"In":[95],"paper,":[97],"adapt":[99],"model":[101,120,134,144,171],"how":[104],"represent":[106],"flows":[108,128],"tokens,":[114],"called":[115],"NetGlyphs.":[116],"We":[117,140,158],"evaluate":[118],"dataset":[123],"Command":[125],"&":[126],"Control":[127],"compare":[130],"performances":[131],"another":[133],"uses":[136],"continuous":[138],"representation.":[139],"show":[141],"our":[143],"able":[146],"to,":[147],"reconstruct":[148],"accurately":[151],"better":[153],"preserve":[154],"original":[156],"distribution.":[157],"also":[159],"find":[160],"promising":[161],"results":[162],"state-of-the-art":[169],"Transformer":[170],"generate":[173],"new":[174],"NetGlyphs":[175],"sequences":[176],"can":[178],"be":[179],"decoded":[180],"back":[181],"into":[182],"real":[183],"traffic.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
