{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206765484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662867","title":"Empirical Gramian Based Controllability of Alternans in a Cardiac Map Model","display_name":"Empirical Gramian Based Controllability of Alternans in a Cardiac Map Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206765484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605378","display_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103117349","display_name":"Laura Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-0561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura M Munoz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081521427","display_name":"Mark O Ampofo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5926-4559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark O Ampofo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053674481","display_name":"Elizabeth M. Cherry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-9572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth M Cherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29084381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jacobian-matrix-and-determinant","display_name":"Jacobian matrix and determinant","score":0.8611849546432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.8361796140670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gramian-matrix","display_name":"Gramian matrix","score":0.7242183685302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value","display_name":"Singular value","score":0.5846667289733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearization","display_name":"Linearization","score":0.573627769947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability-gramian","display_name":"Controllability Gramian","score":0.5502380132675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5330592393875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.504289984703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.43702253699302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4114205241203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.40074020624160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33779868483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15130120515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.13839533925056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0908929705619812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200331156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506041","display_name":"Jacobian matrix and determinant","level":2,"score":0.8611849546432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.8361796140670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77246614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409400","display_name":"Gramian matrix","level":3,"score":0.7242183685302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109282560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4166054","display_name":"Singular value","level":3,"score":0.5846667289733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11210021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520713","display_name":"Linearization","level":3,"score":0.573627769947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143461762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83587","display_name":"Controllability Gramian","level":3,"score":0.5502380132675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5330592393875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.504289984703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.43702253699302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4114205241203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.40074020624160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33779868483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15130120515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.13839533925056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0908929705619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605378","display_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7257239556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1446312,CNS-2028677","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1738471298","https://openalex.org/W1967379349","https://openalex.org/W1974346535","https://openalex.org/W2007769844","https://openalex.org/W3132491170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209184047","https://openalex.org/W4294558370","https://openalex.org/W2526478698","https://openalex.org/W3102707439","https://openalex.org/W4210360605","https://openalex.org/W2912925551","https://openalex.org/W2577309101","https://openalex.org/W3121904599","https://openalex.org/W2907471383","https://openalex.org/W1994014931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrical":[0],"alternans,":[1,74],"a":[2,34,40,95,110,116,145],"beat-to-beat":[3],"alternation":[4],"in":[5,33,77],"action":[6],"potential":[7],"duration,":[8],"sometimes":[9],"precedes":[10],"the":[11,49,86,105,140,152,161],"formation":[12],"of":[13,24,48,57,63,73,88,92,118,125,170],"dangerous":[14],"cardiac":[15],"arrhythmias.":[16],"Controllability":[17],"analysis":[18],"answers":[19],"questions":[20],"about":[21],"what":[22],"types":[23],"interventions":[25],"can":[26],"suppress":[27],"alternans":[28,58],"or":[29,79],"other":[30],"unwanted":[31],"phenomena":[32],"dynamical":[35],"model.":[36],"Previously,":[37],"we":[38,108],"used":[39,109],"conventional":[41,136],"linearization":[42],"approach":[43],"to":[44,66,69,114,167],"determine":[45],"controllability":[46,119,147],"properties":[47],"<tex>$Qu$</tex>,,":[50],"Shiferaw,":[51],"and":[52,128,149],"Weiss":[53],"nonlinear":[54],"map":[55],"model":[56,61],"dynamics.":[59,81],"The":[60],"was":[62],"interest":[64],"due":[65],"its":[67],"ability":[68],"represent":[70],"different":[71],"drivers":[72],"including":[75],"instabilities":[76],"voltage":[78],"calcium":[80],"Our":[82],"computational":[83],"methods":[84],"had":[85],"disadvantage":[87],"requiring":[89],"numerical":[90],"evaluation":[91],"Jacobian":[93],"matrices,":[94],"process":[96],"that":[97,130,151,165],"becomes":[98],"computationally":[99],"intensive":[100],"for":[101,157],"higher-dimensional":[102],"systems.":[103],"In":[104],"present":[106],"study,":[107],"Jacobian-free":[111],"&#x201C;empirical&#x201D;":[112],"method":[113],"compute":[115],"measure":[117,143,148],"based":[120],"on":[121],"minimum":[122],"singular":[123,141],"values":[124,132],"Gramian":[126],"matrices":[127],"showed":[129],"empirical":[131],"matched":[133],"closely":[134],"with":[135,144],"ones.":[137],"We":[138],"compared":[139],"value":[142],"modal":[146],"demonstrated":[150],"former":[153],"predicts":[154],"energy":[155],"usage":[156],"certain":[158],"scenarios,":[159],"while":[160],"latter":[162],"indicates":[163],"strategies":[164],"lead":[166],"smaller":[168],"sizes":[169],"alternans-suppressing":[171],"perturbations.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}