{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206371782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662759","title":"Real-Time Interactive Simulations of Complex Ionic Cardiac Cell Models in 2D and 3D Heart Structures with GPUs on Personal Computers","display_name":"Real-Time Interactive Simulations of Complex Ionic Cardiac Cell Models in 2D and 3D Heart Structures with GPUs on Personal Computers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206371782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662759","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35754517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605378","display_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9228612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004114243","display_name":"Abouzar Kaboudian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-7856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abouzar Kaboudian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053674481","display_name":"Elizabeth M. Cherry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-9572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth M Cherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067356938","display_name":"Flavio H. Fenton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-8850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio H Fenton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80251346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11677","display_name":"Congenital heart defects research","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11217","display_name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7419604063034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.48357197642326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.47682803869247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3434589207172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3263307511806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1862083375453949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7419604063034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.48357197642326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.47682803869247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3434589207172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3263307511806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1862083375453949}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605378","display_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Computing in Cardiology (CinC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:35754517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35754517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing in cardiology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9228612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9228612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Cardiol (2010)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9228612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9228612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Cardiol (2010)","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1835542263","https://openalex.org/W1994666309","https://openalex.org/W2001108612","https://openalex.org/W2007182848","https://openalex.org/W2037613535","https://openalex.org/W2045618004","https://openalex.org/W2115765852","https://openalex.org/W2153382835","https://openalex.org/W2165006299","https://openalex.org/W2214631210","https://openalex.org/W2272546316","https://openalex.org/W2273697055","https://openalex.org/W2400152479","https://openalex.org/W2914127175","https://openalex.org/W2922746047","https://openalex.org/W2973779871","https://openalex.org/W3105710497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aims:":[0],"Cardiac":[1],"modeling":[2,193],"in":[3,63,67,153,215,222,238,253,265,287],"heart":[4],"structures":[5,184,267],"for":[6,87,290],"the":[7,13,58,72,144,154,163,166,173,202,213,230,247,259],"study":[8],"of":[9,15,57,75,131,165,182,191,232,242,249,262],"arrhythmia":[10],"mechanisms":[11],"requires":[12],"use":[14,43,81],"software":[16,281],"that":[17,274],"runs":[18],"on":[19,276],"supercomputers.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"computational":[22],"studies":[23],"are":[24],"limited":[25],"to":[26,30,42,52,108,143,171],"groups":[27],"with":[28,35,102,118,125,140,157,268],"access":[29,142],"computer":[31],"clusters":[32],"and":[33,44,54,65,98,135,179,201,219,224,246,271,283],"personnel":[34],"high-performance":[36],"computing":[37],"experience.":[38],"We":[39,80,127,257],"present":[40,258],"how":[41],"implement":[45],"WebGL":[46],"programs":[47],"via":[48],"a":[49,76,83,103,158,197,277],"custom-written":[50],"library":[51,84,117],"run":[53,275],"visualize":[55],"simulations":[56,261],"most":[59],"complex":[60,110,263],"ionic":[61,111],"models":[62,264],"2D":[64,210,223],"3D,":[66],"real":[68,254],"time,":[69,139],"interactively":[70],"using":[71],"multi-core":[73],"GPU":[74],"single":[77,278],"computer.":[78],"Methods:":[79],"Abubu.js,":[82],"we":[85,120,195,211,228],"developed":[86],"solving":[88],"partial":[89],"differential":[90],"equations":[91,136],"such":[92],"as":[93,284,286],"those":[94],"describing":[95],"crystal":[96],"growth":[97],"fluid":[99],"flow,":[100],"along":[101],"newly":[104],"implemented":[105,196],"visualization":[106,270],"algorithm,":[107],"simulate":[109],"cell":[112,199],"models.":[113],"By":[114],"combining":[115],"this":[116,192],"JavaScript,":[119],"allow":[121],"direct":[122,141],"real-time":[123,288],"interactions":[124],"simulations.":[126],"implemented:":[128],"1)":[129],"modification":[130],"any":[132,138,169,186],"model":[133,200,206,250],"parameters":[134],"at":[137,168,185],"code":[145],"while":[146],"it":[147],"runs,":[148],"2)":[149],"electrode":[150],"stimulation":[151],"anywhere":[152],"2D/3D":[155],"tissue":[156],"mouse":[159],"click,":[160],"3)":[161],"saving":[162],"solution":[164],"system":[167],"time":[170],"re-initiate":[172],"dynamics":[174,214,237],"from":[175],"saved":[176],"initial":[177],"conditions,":[178],"4)":[180],"rotation/visualization":[181],"3D":[183,225,291],"angle.":[187],"Results:":[188],"As":[189],"examples":[190],"platform,":[194],"phenomenological":[198],"human":[203],"ventricular":[204],"OVVR":[205],"(41":[207],"variables).":[208],"In":[209],"illustrate":[212],"an":[216],"annulus,":[217],"disk,":[218],"square":[220],"tissue;":[221],"porcine":[226],"ventricles,":[227],"show":[229],"initiation":[231,241],"functional/anatomical":[233],"reentry,":[234],"spiral":[235],"wave":[236],"different":[239],"regimes,":[240],"early":[243],"afterdepolarizations":[244],"(EADs),":[245],"effects":[248],"parameter":[251],"variations":[252],"time.":[255],"Conclusions:":[256],"first":[260],"anatomical":[266],"enhanced":[269],"extended":[272],"interactivity":[273],"PC,":[279],"without":[280],"downloads,":[282],"fast":[285],"even":[289],"full":[292],"ventricles.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}