{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094570484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/apnoms50412.2020.9237018","title":"Estimating wallets and bitcoins owned by Satoshi using Hash-rate and Transactions analysis","display_name":"Estimating wallets and bitcoins owned by Satoshi using Hash-rate and Transactions analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094570484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/apnoms50412.2020.9237018","mag":"3094570484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/apnoms50412.2020.9237018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/apnoms50412.2020.9237018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066050630","display_name":"Hye-Yeong Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hye-Yeong Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034500239","display_name":"Meryam Essaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-9874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meryam Essaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071103925","display_name":"Hongtaek Ju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtaek Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48251889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"341","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9017000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudonym","display_name":"Pseudonym","score":0.8736653327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.7826867699623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.7561872005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.749353289604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.6931594610214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6930856108665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6739800572395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6016995906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.5894996523857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.33428484201431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2285706102848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21423786878585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.11844488978385925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776021475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61002","display_name":"Pseudonym","level":2,"score":0.8736653327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.7826867699623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.7561872005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.749353289604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.6931594610214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6930856108665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6739800572395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6016995906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5894996523857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.33428484201431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2285706102848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21423786878585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11844488978385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/apnoms50412.2020.9237018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/apnoms50412.2020.9237018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G185508588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018RIDIAIB07050380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W2728493501","https://openalex.org/W2913858240","https://openalex.org/W4248175462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366411693","https://openalex.org/W3211641817","https://openalex.org/W4312703968","https://openalex.org/W798404019","https://openalex.org/W2397761024","https://openalex.org/W2166598691","https://openalex.org/W2913682208","https://openalex.org/W4379514359","https://openalex.org/W2144373733","https://openalex.org/W2156712281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bitcoin":[0,37,62,79,134],"is":[1,19,48,81,90],"designed":[2],"to":[3,7,29,50,93,114],"allow":[4],"its":[5],"users":[6,30,63],"send":[8],"and":[9,64,146],"receive":[10],"payments":[11],"under":[12],"a":[13,24,94,111],"pseudonym.":[14],"In":[15,106],"Bitcoin,":[16],"A":[17],"pseudonym":[18],"an":[20,52,88],"address":[21,75,89],"from/to":[22],"which":[23,67],"user":[25,95,102],"sends/receives":[26],"coins.":[27],"Owing":[28],"anonymity,":[31],"one-half":[32],"of":[33,58,118,129],"the":[34,56,78,85,116,127,133,140],"transactions":[35,66,147],"in":[36,77,84,123],"are":[38],"associated":[39],"with":[40,69],"illegal":[41,70],"trading":[42],"or":[43],"money":[44],"laundering.":[45],"Hence,":[46],"it":[47],"necessary":[49],"develop":[51],"approach":[53],"that":[54,73,101],"estimates":[55],"number":[57,117,128],"coins":[59,119],"owned":[60,120],"by":[61,100,121,132,138],"identifies":[65],"deal":[68],"activities.":[71],"Considering":[72],"every":[74,97],"involved":[76],"transaction":[80,98],"stored":[82],"permanently":[83],"ledger.":[86],"If":[87],"ever":[91],"mapped":[92],"identity,":[96],"wrote":[99],"will":[103],"be":[104],"linked.":[105],"this":[107],"study,":[108],"we":[109,125],"proposed":[110],"new":[112],"method":[113],"identify":[115],"users,":[122],"particular,":[124],"estimate":[126],"bitcoins":[130],"held":[131],"creator":[135],"Satoshi":[136],"Nakamoto,":[137],"analyzing":[139],"mining":[141,144],"hash":[142],"rate,":[143],"reward":[145],"data.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
