{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413392931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108061","title":"A Tutorial on the Control of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems*","display_name":"A Tutorial on the Control of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems*","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413392931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041058405","display_name":"Kathryn Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092921269","display_name":"Zachary Tully","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-3274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Tully","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042153979","display_name":"Kaitlin Brunik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8764-2672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlin Brunik","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016488924","display_name":"Genevieve M. Starke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-8455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genevieve Starke","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018583528","display_name":"Michael Sinner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-0711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Sinner","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000542355","display_name":"Mariya Koleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1387-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariya Koleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072710410","display_name":"Christopher J. Bay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-5559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Bay","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043141019","display_name":"Elenya Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-011X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elenya Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047296570","display_name":"Paul Fleming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-2544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109581900","display_name":"Jibo Sanyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jibo Sanyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070835578","display_name":"Jennifer King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-0098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer King","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA,80401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041058405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28255814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2128","last_page":"2138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9061999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9061999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6811097860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6007072329521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4722166359424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4345693290233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4121338427066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22996708750724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.172796368598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09847059845924377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6811097860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6007072329521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4722166359424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4345693290233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4121338427066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22996708750724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.172796368598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09847059845924377}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W326249748","https://openalex.org/W2009732994","https://openalex.org/W2066216368","https://openalex.org/W2075727976","https://openalex.org/W2114887970","https://openalex.org/W2159468497","https://openalex.org/W2274519084","https://openalex.org/W2281994418","https://openalex.org/W2512712285","https://openalex.org/W2621900912","https://openalex.org/W2762882198","https://openalex.org/W2799933236","https://openalex.org/W2801907099","https://openalex.org/W2892845954","https://openalex.org/W2895289353","https://openalex.org/W2968643411","https://openalex.org/W2971948046","https://openalex.org/W2994626713","https://openalex.org/W3009192567","https://openalex.org/W3009208228","https://openalex.org/W3092553147","https://openalex.org/W3094727442","https://openalex.org/W3113194740","https://openalex.org/W3123250665","https://openalex.org/W3157250556","https://openalex.org/W3157702954","https://openalex.org/W3159251744","https://openalex.org/W3195614252","https://openalex.org/W3212272576","https://openalex.org/W4214761204","https://openalex.org/W4221025563","https://openalex.org/W4224089297","https://openalex.org/W4281845858","https://openalex.org/W4292411803","https://openalex.org/W4294760463","https://openalex.org/W4311435877","https://openalex.org/W4312464859","https://openalex.org/W4321381945","https://openalex.org/W4382628831","https://openalex.org/W4385301838","https://openalex.org/W4386291570","https://openalex.org/W4386953033","https://openalex.org/W4388103045","https://openalex.org/W4390414455","https://openalex.org/W4391602552","https://openalex.org/W4393965763","https://openalex.org/W4399490197","https://openalex.org/W4399570217","https://openalex.org/W4399570220","https://openalex.org/W4403174393","https://openalex.org/W4413393808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615607975","https://openalex.org/W2355865573","https://openalex.org/W2155981143","https://openalex.org/W2155245395","https://openalex.org/W2192101006","https://openalex.org/W2116800748","https://openalex.org/W2638730922","https://openalex.org/W2190465783","https://openalex.org/W2027827693","https://openalex.org/W2381267592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"concerns":[1],"grow":[2],"about":[3,117],"energy":[4,10,39,61,89,109],"security":[5],"and":[6,43,54,93,113,161],"resilience,":[7],"hybrid":[8],"renewable":[9,35],"systems":[11],"(HRESs)":[12],"are":[13,26,100,111,165],"expected":[14],"to":[15,59,138,149,184],"play":[16],"an":[17,182],"important":[18],"role":[19],"in":[20,64,102,107],"the":[21,51,103,118,124,140,158,176],"future":[22,186],"of":[23,28,38,74,87,98,120,133,157,179],"energy.":[24],"HRESs":[25],"comprised":[27],"multiple":[29],"subsystems":[30],"including":[31,46,145],"electricity":[32],"generation":[33,90],"by":[34,71],"technologies,":[36,91],"storage":[37],"or":[40],"other":[41],"products,":[42],"end":[44,94],"uses":[45],"industrial":[47],"loads.":[48],"By":[49],"coordinating":[50],"subsystem":[52],"design":[53],"operation,":[55],"significant":[56],"potential":[57],"exists":[58],"increase":[60],"efficiency,":[62],"even":[63],"situations":[65],"with":[66,115,173,181],"highly":[67],"constrained":[68],"transmission":[69],"capacity,":[70],"taking":[72],"advantage":[73],"complementarity":[75],"among":[76],"subsystems.":[77],"This":[78],"tutorial":[79],"paper":[80,128],"provides":[81],"illustrative":[82],"examples":[83],"from":[84],"three":[85],"types":[86],"HRES:":[88],"storage,":[92],"use":[95],"applications.":[96],"All":[97],"these":[99],"situated":[101],"broader,":[104],"real-world":[105],"context":[106,122],"which":[108],"problems":[110],"defined":[112],"solved,":[114],"discussion":[116,174],"impacts":[119],"this":[121],"on":[123],"technological":[125],"solutions.":[126],"The":[127],"then":[129],"describes":[130,154],"a":[131,155],"number":[132],"opportunities":[134],"for":[135,167],"control":[136],"theory":[137],"advance":[139],"current":[141],"HRES":[142,168,180],"state-of-the":[143],"art,":[144],"possible":[146],"research":[147],"questions":[148],"be":[150],"addressed.":[151],"Next,":[152],"it":[153,171],"few":[156],"many":[159],"modeling":[160],"simulation":[162],"tools":[163],"that":[164],"available":[166],"research.":[169,187],"Finally,":[170],"concludes":[172],"synthesizing":[175],"various":[177],"elements":[178],"aim":[183],"inspire":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
