{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413394803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108053","title":"Generalizable Spacecraft Trajectory Generation via Multimodal Learning with Transformers","display_name":"Generalizable Spacecraft Trajectory Generation via Multimodal Learning with Transformers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413394803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010232543","display_name":"Davide Celestini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-5365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Celestini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Torino,Italy,10129"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Torino,Italy,10129","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093234894","display_name":"Amirhossein Afsharrad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Afsharrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Department of Electrical Engineering,USA,94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Department of Electrical Engineering,USA,94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034366030","display_name":"Daniele Gammelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-4388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Gammelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I13805885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084824876","display_name":"Tommaso Guffanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0985-8417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Guffanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I13805885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043524649","display_name":"Gioele Zardini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143601","display_name":"Decision Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0434dpa13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gioele Zardini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems,USA,02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems,USA,02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082736758","display_name":"Sanjay Lall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Lall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Department of Electrical Engineering,USA,94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Department of Electrical Engineering,USA,94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039661719","display_name":"Elisa Capello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-5817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Capello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Torino,Italy,10129"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Torino,Italy,10129","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012192425","display_name":"Simone D\u2019Amico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-4986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone D\u2019Amico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I13805885"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050003000","display_name":"Marco Pavone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0206-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pavone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics,USA,94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I13805885"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010232543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99276761,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3558","last_page":"3565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9142000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9142000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft","display_name":"Spacecraft","score":0.7118039131164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6206826567649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5606821179389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5557243824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.373928964138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2540857791900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2390786111354828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11068537831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07851296663284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06860798597335815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.7118039131164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6206826567649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5606821179389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5557243824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.373928964138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2540857791900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2390786111354828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11068537831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07851296663284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06860798597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11108053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2953045583","https://openalex.org/W2965712423","https://openalex.org/W3080523054","https://openalex.org/W3109830187","https://openalex.org/W3125267060","https://openalex.org/W3177386710","https://openalex.org/W3208343212","https://openalex.org/W4294549690","https://openalex.org/W4385403811","https://openalex.org/W4389982238","https://openalex.org/W4391324916","https://openalex.org/W4396875795","https://openalex.org/W4399561662","https://openalex.org/W4402673417","https://openalex.org/W4412405884","https://openalex.org/W6922480057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2898860390","https://openalex.org/W2118489026","https://openalex.org/W2237025049","https://openalex.org/W2734340365","https://openalex.org/W4386105384","https://openalex.org/W2400737216","https://openalex.org/W4386105441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effective":[0],"trajectory":[1,22,38,64,89,121],"generation":[2,23,39,65,90],"is":[3,167],"essential":[4],"for":[5,19,36,155],"reliable":[6],"on-board":[7],"spacecraft":[8],"autonomy.":[9],"Among":[10],"other":[11],"approaches,":[12,196],"learning-based":[13,37],"warm-starting":[14],"represents":[15],"an":[16],"appealing":[17],"paradigm":[18],"solving":[20],"the":[21,27,67,74,120],"problem,":[24],"effectively":[25],"combining":[26],"benefits":[28],"of":[29,105],"optimization-":[30],"and":[31,132,135,163,172,185,197,206],"data-driven":[32],"methods.":[33],"Current":[34],"approaches":[35],"often":[40],"focus":[41],"on":[42,175],"fixed,":[43],"single-scenario":[44,75],"environments,":[45],"where":[46],"key":[47],"scene":[48],"characteristics,":[49],"such":[50],"as":[51],"obstacle":[52,129],"positions":[53],"or":[54],"final-time":[55],"requirements,":[56],"remain":[57],"constant":[58],"across":[59,94,201],"problem":[60,96],"instances.":[61],"However,":[62],"practical":[63],"requires":[66],"scenario":[68,203],"to":[69,181,194],"be":[70],"frequently":[71],"reconfigured,":[72],"making":[73],"approach":[76,113],"a":[77,87,176],"potentially":[78],"impractical":[79],"solution.":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"this":[83],"challenge,":[84],"we":[85],"present":[86],"novel":[88],"framework":[91,166],"that":[92],"generalizes":[93],"diverse":[95,202],"configurations,":[97],"by":[98],"leveraging":[99],"highcapacity":[100],"transformer":[101,148],"neural":[102,116],"networks":[103],"capable":[104],"learning":[106],"from":[107],"multimodal":[108,145],"data":[109],"sources.":[110],"Specifically,":[111],"our":[112],"integrates":[114],"transformer-based":[115],"network":[117,149],"models":[118],"into":[119],"optimization":[122,157],"process,":[123],"encoding":[124],"both":[125],"scene-level":[126],"information":[127],"(e.g.,":[128,138],"locations,":[130],"initial":[131,153],"goal":[133],"states)":[134],"trajectory-level":[136],"constraints":[137],"time":[139],"bounds,":[140],"fuel":[141],"consumption":[142],"targets)":[143],"via":[144],"representations.":[146],"The":[147,165],"then":[150],"generates":[151],"near-optimal":[152],"guesses":[154],"non-convex":[156],"problems,":[158],"significantly":[159],"enhancing":[160],"convergence":[161],"speed":[162],"performance.":[164],"validated":[168],"through":[169],"extensive":[170],"simulations":[171],"real-world":[173],"experiments":[174],"free-flyer":[177],"platform,":[178],"achieving":[179],"up":[180],"30%":[182],"cost":[183],"improvement":[184],"80":[186],"%":[187],"reduction":[188],"in":[189],"infeasible":[190],"cases":[191],"with":[192],"respect":[193],"traditional":[195],"demonstrating":[198],"robust":[199],"generalization":[200],"variations.Project":[204],"website":[205],"code:":[207],"https://acc25art.github.io":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
