{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413393808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107968","title":"Real-Time Hybrid Energy System Emulation and Control Using Hercules and the Wind Hybrid Open Controller","display_name":"Real-Time Hybrid Energy System Emulation and Control Using Hercules and the Wind Hybrid Open Controller","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413393808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016488924","display_name":"Genevieve M. Starke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-8455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Genevieve M. Starke","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,National Wind Technology Center,Golden,Colorado,United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,National Wind Technology Center,Golden,Colorado,United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018583528","display_name":"Michael Sinner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-0711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Sinner","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,National Wind Technology Center,Golden,Colorado,United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,National Wind Technology Center,Golden,Colorado,United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047296570","display_name":"Paul Fleming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-2544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,National Wind Technology Center,Golden,Colorado,United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,National Wind Technology Center,Golden,Colorado,United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016488924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76637958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2139","last_page":"2145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9455999732017517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.8781349658966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.594953715801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-system","display_name":"Hybrid system","score":0.5613712072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5585818886756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.49981236457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4450259208679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3429829776287079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3405320942401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3219490647315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2597166895866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14003252983093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13699284195899963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.8781349658966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.594953715801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.5613712072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5585818886756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.49981236457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4450259208679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3429829776287079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3405320942401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3219490647315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2597166895866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14003252983093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13699284195899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533975523","https://openalex.org/W2586057978","https://openalex.org/W4386953033","https://openalex.org/W4387088008","https://openalex.org/W4391621012","https://openalex.org/W4403174393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W1603137082","https://openalex.org/W2364195017","https://openalex.org/W2355430452","https://openalex.org/W1951195060","https://openalex.org/W2049983405","https://openalex.org/W2392315374","https://openalex.org/W2351776620","https://openalex.org/W2352195574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,77],"address":[1,78],"the":[2,20,33,39,92,98,141,150,161,173],"resource":[3],"variability":[4],"associated":[5],"with":[6,49,155],"variable":[7],"renewable":[8],"energy":[9],"systems,":[10],"particularly":[11],"wind":[12],"power":[13,27,34,52,74,183],"and":[14,64,73,97,117,136,165,168,179,186],"solar":[15],"power,":[16],"recent":[17],"entries":[18],"into":[19],"interconnection":[21],"queue":[22,24],"(the":[23],"of":[25,41,106,131,176],"proposed":[26],"plants":[28,53],"waiting":[29],"to":[30,32,60,70,126,144],"connect":[31],"grid)":[35],"have":[36],"increasingly":[37],"included":[38],"addition":[40],"battery":[42],"storage":[43],"or":[44],"multiple":[45],"generation":[46],"sources.":[47],"However,":[48],"such":[50,111],"hybrid":[51,87,112,182],"coming":[54],"online,":[55],"specialized":[56],"tools":[57,162],"are":[58],"needed":[59,143],"evaluate":[61],"their":[62,132],"performance":[63],"determine":[65],"how":[66],"they":[67],"will":[68],"contribute":[69],"grid":[71],"stability":[72],"supply-demand":[75],"balancing.":[76],"these":[79],"needs,":[80],"this":[81],"tutorial":[82],"article":[83],"presents":[84],"Hercules,":[85],"a":[86,104,123,146],"plant":[88,184],"simulator":[89],"developed":[90],"at":[91,122],"National":[93],"Renewable":[94],"Energy":[95],"Laboratory,":[96],"Wind":[99],"Hybrid":[100],"Open":[101],"Controller":[102],"(WHOC),":[103],"library":[105],"baseline":[107],"closed-loop":[108],"controllers":[109],"for":[110,181],"systems.":[113],"In":[114],"presenting":[115],"Hercules":[116,178],"WHOC,":[118],"we":[119,139],"describe":[120,140],"each":[121],"high":[124],"level":[125],"give":[127],"readers":[128],"an":[129,156],"understanding":[130],"purpose,":[133],"basic":[134],"functionality,":[135],"interactions;":[137],"then,":[138],"inputs":[142],"run":[145],"simple":[147],"simulation":[148,158],"using":[149,177],"Hercules/WHOC":[151],"ecosystem.":[152],"We":[153],"finish":[154],"example":[157],"that":[159,171],"demonstrates":[160],"in":[163],"action":[164],"showcases":[166],"tangible":[167],"intuitive":[169],"results":[170],"highlight":[172],"potential":[174],"benefits":[175],"WHOC":[180],"evaluation":[185],"management.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
