{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382936523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156014","title":"Improving Accuracy of Optical Sorters Using Closed-Loop Control of Material Recirculation","display_name":"Improving Accuracy of Optical Sorters Using Closed-Loop Control of Material Recirculation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382936523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053110325","display_name":"Jonathan Vieth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-976X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Vieth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055266164","display_name":"Marcel Reith\u2010Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-6362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Reith-Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS),Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS),Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001040077","display_name":"Albert Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Berlin,Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering and Solids Processing (MVTA),Berlin,Germany,10587"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin,Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering and Solids Processing (MVTA),Berlin,Germany,10587","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000916925","display_name":"Florian Pfaff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-7685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Pfaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS),Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS),Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050967750","display_name":"Georg Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2316-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,Karlsruhe,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,Karlsruhe,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081965716","display_name":"Robin Gruna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Gruna","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,Karlsruhe,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,Karlsruhe,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025271723","display_name":"Thomas L\u00e4ngle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L\u00e4ngle","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,Karlsruhe,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,Karlsruhe,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013514693","display_name":"Harald Kruggel\u2010Emden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-1810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Kruggel-Emden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Berlin,Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering and Solids Processing (MVTA),Berlin,Germany,10587"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin,Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering and Solids Processing (MVTA),Berlin,Germany,10587","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055331421","display_name":"Uwe D. Hanebeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe D. Hanebeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS),Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS),Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76286067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3257","last_page":"3263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9598000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.8851677775382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.7036823034286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6942504644393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5943456888198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47195449471473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.46906778216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.4380798637866974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.42540639638900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.41875284910202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3818866014480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3487131595611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30626824498176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2015112340450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18409115076065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12642082571983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.09507250785827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08914065361022949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.8851677775382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.7036823034286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6942504644393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5943456888198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47195449471473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46906778216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.4380798637866974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.42540639638900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41875284910202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3818866014480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3487131595611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30626824498176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2015112340450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18409115076065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12642082571983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09507250785827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08914065361022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/445270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/445270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649022567","https://openalex.org/W1985425323","https://openalex.org/W2010330489","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2522127752","https://openalex.org/W2768285503","https://openalex.org/W2809565035","https://openalex.org/W2890400591","https://openalex.org/W2957947961","https://openalex.org/W2970320653","https://openalex.org/W3004448723","https://openalex.org/W3039556430","https://openalex.org/W3128652735","https://openalex.org/W3194677824","https://openalex.org/W3201165747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902248750","https://openalex.org/W2583171488","https://openalex.org/W2006186928","https://openalex.org/W24774503","https://openalex.org/W2275426735","https://openalex.org/W2189586792","https://openalex.org/W2082695312","https://openalex.org/W265566562","https://openalex.org/W3170007838","https://openalex.org/W1027657725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"sorting":[1,106,123],"is":[2,11],"a":[3,53,63,71,89,111,126],"key":[4],"technology":[5],"for":[6,66],"the":[7,15,33,38,80,93,105,117,121],"circular":[8],"economy":[9],"and":[10,18,99,119],"widely":[12],"applied":[13],"in":[14,52],"food,":[16],"mineral,":[17],"recycling":[19],"industries.":[20],"Despite":[21],"its":[22,96],"widespread":[23],"use,":[24],"one":[25],"typically":[26,48],"resorts":[27],"to":[28],"expensive":[29],"means":[30],"of":[31,76,79,92],"adjusting":[32],"accuracy,":[34],"e.g.,":[35],"by":[36],"reducing":[37],"mass":[39,82],"flow":[40],"or":[41,44],"changing":[42],"mechanical":[43],"software":[45],"parameters,":[46],"which":[47],"requires":[49],"manual":[50],"tuning":[51],"lengthy,":[54],"iterative":[55],"process.":[56],"To":[57,84],"circumvent":[58],"these":[59],"drawbacks,":[60],"we":[61,87,109],"propose":[62],"new":[64],"layout":[65],"optical":[67],"sorters":[68],"along":[69],"with":[70],"controller":[72,114],"that":[73],"allows":[74],"re-feeding":[75],"controlled":[77],"fractions":[78],"sorted":[81],"flows.":[83],"this":[85],"end,":[86],"build":[88,110],"dynamic":[90],"model":[91,112,118],"sorter,":[94],"analyze":[95],"static":[97],"behavior,":[98],"show":[100],"how":[101],"material":[102],"recirculation":[103],"affects":[104],"accuracy.":[107,136],"Furthermore,":[108],"predictive":[113],"(MPC)":[115],"employing":[116],"evaluate":[120],"closed-loop":[122],"system":[124],"using":[125],"coupled":[127],"discrete":[128],"element\u2013computational":[129],"fluid":[130],"dynamics":[131],"(DEM\u2013CFD)":[132],"simulation,":[133],"demonstrating":[134],"improved":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}