{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382936363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156010","title":"Solving Strongly Convex and Smooth Stackelberg Games Without Modeling the Follower","display_name":"Solving Strongly Convex and Smooth Stackelberg Games Without Modeling the Follower","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382936363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762829","display_name":"Yansong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-0995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yansong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Chicago,IL 60607"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Chicago,IL 60607","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649317","display_name":"Shuo Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Chicago,IL 60607"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Chicago,IL 60607","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2332","last_page":"2337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12056","display_name":"Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12056","display_name":"Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.9054610133171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6712955236434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6246748566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5676470994949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.538992702960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.529995858669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-response","display_name":"Best response","score":0.5173877477645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4988100528717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.4332687556743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-function","display_name":"Convex function","score":0.4230611026287079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.33412057161331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24451324343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.10027316212654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.07643896341323853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.9054610133171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6712955236434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6246748566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5676470994949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.538992702960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.529995858669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32407928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733833","display_name":"Best response","level":3,"score":0.5173877477645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4988100528717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.4332687556743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.4230611026287079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.33412057161331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24451324343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.10027316212654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.07643896341323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316514","display_name":"Arm","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181733065","https://openalex.org/W1827202415","https://openalex.org/W1976657338","https://openalex.org/W2032901652","https://openalex.org/W2045287690","https://openalex.org/W2045662901","https://openalex.org/W2053037696","https://openalex.org/W2109657503","https://openalex.org/W2124659975","https://openalex.org/W2410842990","https://openalex.org/W2581799494","https://openalex.org/W2588978360","https://openalex.org/W2735388838","https://openalex.org/W2806812629","https://openalex.org/W2913794513","https://openalex.org/W2963248893","https://openalex.org/W2971648973","https://openalex.org/W3006959147","https://openalex.org/W3035723062","https://openalex.org/W3037849261","https://openalex.org/W3204336908","https://openalex.org/W4242073862","https://openalex.org/W4287330080","https://openalex.org/W4382936363","https://openalex.org/W6746721039","https://openalex.org/W6779984877","https://openalex.org/W6840935462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026907359","https://openalex.org/W1981800580","https://openalex.org/W2994124117","https://openalex.org/W2618752689","https://openalex.org/W3025389440","https://openalex.org/W2971526008","https://openalex.org/W4289422123","https://openalex.org/W2991761232","https://openalex.org/W2168616681","https://openalex.org/W4292703869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stackelberg":[0,30],"games":[1,31],"have":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5,117],"to":[6,49,59,90,100,108,136,148,154],"model":[7],"interactive":[8],"decision-making":[9],"problems":[10],"in":[11,61,106,118],"a":[12,151,155],"variety":[13],"of":[14,35,76,123,157],"domains":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"energy":[18],"systems,":[19],"transportation,":[20],"cybersecurity,":[21],"and":[22,43,174],"human-robot":[23],"interaction.":[24],"However,":[25],"existing":[26],"algorithms":[27],"for":[28,141],"solving":[29],"often":[32],"require":[33,46,74],"knowledge":[34,75],"the":[36,47,77,98,109,124,142,158,162,167],"follower\u2019s":[37,78,168],"cost":[38,79,164],"function":[39,80,165],"or":[40,81],"learning":[41],"dynamics":[42],"may":[44],"also":[45],"follower":[48,99],"provide":[50,101],"an":[51,69,82,102,120,138],"exact":[52,83],"best":[53,84,114,169],"response,":[54,85],"which":[55,129],"can":[56,133],"be":[57,134],"difficult":[58],"obtain":[60,137],"practice.":[62],"To":[63],"circumvent":[64],"this":[65],"difficulty,":[66],"we":[67],"develop":[68],"algorithm":[70,95,145],"that":[71],"does":[72],"not":[73],"making":[86],"it":[87],"more":[88],"applicable":[89],"real-world":[91],"scenarios.":[92],"Specifically,":[93],"our":[94],"only":[96],"requires":[97],"approximately":[103],"optimal":[104,139,159],"action":[105,140],"response":[107,115,170],"leader\u2019s":[110,125,163],"action.":[111],"The":[112],"inexact":[113],"is":[116,146,171],"computing":[119],"approximate":[121],"gradient":[122],"objective":[126],"function,":[127],"with":[128],"zeroth-order":[130],"bilevel":[131],"optimization":[132],"applied":[135],"leader.":[143],"Our":[144],"proved":[147],"converge":[149],"at":[150],"linear":[152],"rate":[153],"neighborhood":[156],"point":[160],"when":[161],"under":[166],"strongly":[172],"convex":[173],"smooth.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}