{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382936094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155940","title":"Integrating Greenhouse Gas Emissions into Model Predictive Control of Heat Pump Water Heaters","display_name":"Integrating Greenhouse Gas Emissions into Model Predictive Control of Heat Pump Water Heaters","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382936094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101219897","display_name":"Loren dela Rosa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loren Dela Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Chemical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Chemical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045082984","display_name":"Caton Mande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-4887"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caton Mande","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Western Cooling Efficiency Center and the Department of Mechanical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Western Cooling Efficiency Center and the Department of Mechanical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106699620","display_name":"Henry Richardson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Chemical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Chemical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043409810","display_name":"Matthew J. Ellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Chemical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Chemical Engineering,Davis,CA,USA,95616","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66912882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4044","last_page":"4050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.773862361907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/setpoint","display_name":"Setpoint","score":0.7691323757171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.7171695232391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.6717656850814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5393121242523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-cost","display_name":"Operating cost","score":0.44537806510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4416095018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pump","display_name":"Heat pump","score":0.4292052984237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.42289072275161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.41371747851371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3401188850402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.32616639137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.25888532400131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25338858366012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.2084573209285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.1328415870666504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.773862361907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12302492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752097","display_name":"Setpoint","level":2,"score":0.7691323757171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.7171695232391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6717656850814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5393121242523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.44537806510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4416095018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131313","display_name":"Heat pump","level":3,"score":0.4292052984237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42289072275161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.41371747851371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3401188850402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.32616639137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25888532400131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25338858366012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2084573209285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.1328415870666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308020","display_name":"California Energy Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05eaakg28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971060244","https://openalex.org/W2029654911","https://openalex.org/W2061328016","https://openalex.org/W2339199299","https://openalex.org/W2344077254","https://openalex.org/W2592470122","https://openalex.org/W2596176590","https://openalex.org/W2601117154","https://openalex.org/W2613191681","https://openalex.org/W2795831049","https://openalex.org/W3022696560","https://openalex.org/W4232437648","https://openalex.org/W4281763617","https://openalex.org/W6690908162","https://openalex.org/W6704005926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495927848","https://openalex.org/W4205962020","https://openalex.org/W2620138946","https://openalex.org/W90946887","https://openalex.org/W191702426","https://openalex.org/W2994131054","https://openalex.org/W2186176044","https://openalex.org/W2152422428","https://openalex.org/W2811393877","https://openalex.org/W2089203544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heat":[0],"pump":[1],"water":[2,11],"heaters":[3,12],"(HPWHs)":[4],"are":[5],"more":[6],"energy-efficient":[7],"than":[8],"electric":[9],"resistance":[10],"and":[13,143,161],"have":[14],"inherent":[15],"load-shifting":[16],"potential":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,91,173],"their":[20],"built-in":[21],"storage":[22],"tank.":[23],"Most":[24],"HPWHs":[25,61],"currently":[26],"employ":[27],"rule-based":[28],"control":[29,53],"(RBC)":[30],"strategies":[31],"that":[32,153],"track":[33],"a":[34,118,174],"temperature":[35],"setpoint,":[36],"regardless":[37],"of":[38,41,71,95],"the":[39,68,72,89,93,97,106,122,154],"cost":[40,94,142],"electricity":[42,113,141],"or":[43],"marginal":[44,123],"grid":[45,108,124],"greenhouse":[46],"gas":[47],"(GHG)":[48],"emissions.":[49],"Economic":[50],"model":[51],"predictive":[52],"(MPC)":[54],"can":[55,64,85,157],"provide":[56],"automated":[57],"load":[58],"flexibility":[59],"for":[60,120,178],"as":[62],"it":[63],"determine":[65],"in":[66],"real-time":[67],"optimal":[69],"operation":[70,138,167],"HPWH":[73,137,166],"heat":[74],"sources":[75],"based":[76,139],"on":[77,140],"time-varying":[78],"factors.":[79],"For":[80],"example,":[81],"time-of-use":[82],"(TOU)":[83],"rates":[84,101],"be":[86],"used":[87],"by":[88],"MPC":[90,129,135,155],"minimize":[92],"operating":[96,159],"HPWH.":[98],"However,":[99],"TOU":[100],"do":[102],"not":[103],"directly":[104],"reflect":[105],"actual":[107],"GHG":[109,125,144,162],"emissions":[110,126,145,163],"associated":[111,164],"with":[112,165,168],"generation.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"work,":[117],"method":[119],"incorporating":[121],"signal":[127],"into":[128],"is":[130],"proposed.":[131],"The":[132],"resulting":[133],"multi-objective":[134],"optimizes":[136],"while":[146],"maintaining":[147],"user":[148],"comfort.":[149],"Simulation":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"approach":[156],"reduce":[158],"costs":[160],"no":[169],"comfort":[170],"violations":[171],"compared":[172],"conventional":[175],"RBC":[176],"strategy":[177],"HPWHs.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}