{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294692070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867819","title":"Model-Based Switched Approximate Dynamic Programming for Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling","display_name":"Model-Based Switched Approximate Dynamic Programming for Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294692070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607732","display_name":"2022 American Control Conference (ACC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026763469","display_name":"Wanjiku A. Makumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-7099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanjiku A. Makumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027840499","display_name":"Max L. Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-0344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max L. Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004988388","display_name":"Kimberly J. Stubbs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-7497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly J. Stubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032651215","display_name":"Warren E. Dixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-181X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren E. Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Gainesville,FL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026763469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45187085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4353","last_page":"4358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10675","display_name":"Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10675","display_name":"Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8020931482315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadence","display_name":"Cadence","score":0.7448381781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwell-time","display_name":"Dwell time","score":0.6215729713439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-function","display_name":"Lyapunov function","score":0.5739750862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5456089377403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5127761960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4983515739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling","display_name":"Cycling","score":0.4359990954399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.4201987385749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4200442433357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3489265441894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3052038550376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24028682708740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21448025107383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.08738261461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.08386105298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06951946020126343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8020931482315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777125575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14088448","display_name":"Cadence","level":2,"score":0.7448381781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151637689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318064","display_name":"Dwell time","level":2,"score":0.6215729713439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60640748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337858","display_name":"Lyapunov function","level":3,"score":0.5739750862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5456089377403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5127761960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4983515739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.4359990954399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.4201987385749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4200442433357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3489265441894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3052038550376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24028682708740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21448025107383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.08738261461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.08386105298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06951946020126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607732","display_name":"2022 American Control Conference (ACC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560518094","https://openalex.org/W1513689897","https://openalex.org/W1520095137","https://openalex.org/W1552094772","https://openalex.org/W1595516097","https://openalex.org/W2003381774","https://openalex.org/W2079401078","https://openalex.org/W2086975818","https://openalex.org/W2090167557","https://openalex.org/W2097253853","https://openalex.org/W2111034649","https://openalex.org/W2322457197","https://openalex.org/W2574281809","https://openalex.org/W2740552037","https://openalex.org/W2762061748","https://openalex.org/W2793050444","https://openalex.org/W2800330509","https://openalex.org/W2911696688","https://openalex.org/W2943937017","https://openalex.org/W3016201194","https://openalex.org/W3119164477","https://openalex.org/W6630823904","https://openalex.org/W6741904088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022589540","https://openalex.org/W1504227784","https://openalex.org/W2273474689","https://openalex.org/W2060087341","https://openalex.org/W2162827184","https://openalex.org/W1970486345","https://openalex.org/W2087602370","https://openalex.org/W1977039811","https://openalex.org/W2317989293","https://openalex.org/W2077601906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"applies":[2],"a":[3,10,19,50,63,80,108],"reinforcement":[4],"learning-based":[5],"approximately":[6],"optimal":[7,67],"controller":[8],"to":[9,17,24,49,62,91,106,112],"motorized":[11],"functional":[12],"electrical":[13],"stimulation-induced":[14],"cycling":[15,27],"system":[16],"track":[18],"desired":[20,54],"cadence.":[21],"Sufficient":[22],"torque":[23],"achieve":[25],"the":[26,34,46,53,58,66,94,97,117],"objective":[28],"is":[29],"achieved":[30],"by":[31],"switching":[32],"between":[33,93],"quadriceps":[35],"muscle":[36,77,98],"and":[37,56,76],"electric":[38],"motor.":[39],"Uniformly":[40],"ultimately":[41],"bounded":[42],"(UUB)":[43],"convergence":[44],"of":[45,52,57,65,116],"actual":[47],"cadence":[48,55],"neighborhood":[51,64],"approximate":[59],"control":[60,68,75,78],"policy":[61,69],"are":[70,99,103],"proven":[71],"for":[72],"both":[73],"motor":[74,95],"via":[79],"Lyapunov-based":[81,101],"stability":[82,115],"analysis":[83],"provided":[84],"developed":[85],"dwell-time":[86,110],"conditions":[87],"that":[88],"determine":[89],"when":[90],"switch":[92],"or":[96],"satisfied.":[100],"techniques":[102],"also":[104],"used":[105],"derive":[107],"minimum":[109],"condition":[111],"prove":[113],"UUB":[114],"overall":[118],"switched":[119],"system.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}