{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184484719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483438","title":"Analog Solver for Embedded Model Predictive Control with Application to Quadruple Tank System","display_name":"Analog Solver for Embedded Model Predictive Control with Application to Quadruple Tank System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184484719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483438","mag":"3184484719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071024017","display_name":"Joseph N. Bruno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64281891","display_name":"The College of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02nx5r318","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph N. Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041611261","display_name":"Francis D. Moran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64281891","display_name":"The College of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02nx5r318","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis D. Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050698267","display_name":"Hussain I. Khajanchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64281891","display_name":"The College of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02nx5r318","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain I. Khajanchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010619988","display_name":"Ambrose A. Adegbege","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64281891","display_name":"The College of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02nx5r318","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ambrose A. Adegbege","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory for Embedded Control and Optimization (LECO), The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87809614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4680","last_page":"4685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.8680353760719299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.8527565002441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6978009939193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6636983156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.6017987728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5984070897102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-analog-array","display_name":"Field-programmable analog array","score":0.5397352576255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4697844088077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4306034743785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3828699290752411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2818624973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1912972629070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18906986713409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.1762046217918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15735751390457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09281888604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.08289545774459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-multiplier","display_name":"Analog multiplier","score":0.08002585172653198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.8680353760719299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.8527565002441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6978009939193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6636983156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.6017987728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5984070897102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149128552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380201","display_name":"Field-programmable analog array","level":5,"score":0.5397352576255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4697844088077545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4306034743785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3828699290752411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2818624973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1912972629070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18906986713409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.1762046217918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15735751390457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09281888604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.08289545774459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98142538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485005","display_name":"Analog multiplier","level":4,"score":0.08002585172653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561941139","https://openalex.org/W1977284223","https://openalex.org/W1981832695","https://openalex.org/W1993170675","https://openalex.org/W2007588840","https://openalex.org/W2036397228","https://openalex.org/W2092169233","https://openalex.org/W2101358888","https://openalex.org/W2116773335","https://openalex.org/W2122491223","https://openalex.org/W2123405463","https://openalex.org/W2150436340","https://openalex.org/W2213594914","https://openalex.org/W2482987002","https://openalex.org/W2529714361","https://openalex.org/W2765148487","https://openalex.org/W2885923493","https://openalex.org/W2896903045","https://openalex.org/W2911806225","https://openalex.org/W2920424786","https://openalex.org/W2963137637","https://openalex.org/W3098928855","https://openalex.org/W3101396445","https://openalex.org/W4245770814","https://openalex.org/W4301014524","https://openalex.org/W6721726106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155858901","https://openalex.org/W2491194410","https://openalex.org/W4382519099","https://openalex.org/W1515727993","https://openalex.org/W2037179686","https://openalex.org/W2802398440","https://openalex.org/W2085074295","https://openalex.org/W2560333314","https://openalex.org/W4236808165","https://openalex.org/W1998049115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous-time":[0],"dynamic":[1,52],"solvers":[2,20],"have":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,58],"a":[6,59,64,68,80],"viable":[7],"alternative":[8],"for":[9,46],"online":[10],"optimization":[11],"of":[12,19,24,50],"model":[13],"predictive":[14],"control":[15],"(MPC).":[16],"This":[17],"class":[18],"emulates":[21],"the":[22,32,47,55],"behavior":[23],"MPC":[25],"by":[26],"tracing":[27],"its":[28,77],"solution":[29],"trajectories":[30],"to":[31],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[33],"(KKT)":[34],"optimality":[35],"point.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,62,75],"develop":[41,63],"an":[42],"analog":[43],"circuit":[44],"architecture":[45],"hardware":[48],"realization":[49],"such":[51],"controllers.":[53],"Using":[54],"gradient":[56],"dynamics":[57],"case":[60],"study,":[61],"prototype":[65],"solver":[66],"using":[67],"Field":[69],"Programmable":[70],"Analog":[71],"Array":[72],"(FPAA)":[73],"and":[74],"validate":[76],"efficacy":[78],"on":[79],"quadruple":[81],"water":[82],"tank":[83],"system.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}