{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183796763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483129","title":"Co-Design of Commercial Building HVAC using Bayesian Optimization","display_name":"Co-Design of Commercial Building HVAC using Bayesian Optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183796763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483129","mag":"3183796763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033406975","display_name":"Soumya Vasisht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-2022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Vasisht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085053812","display_name":"Arnab Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnab Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721546","display_name":"Sen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074403087","display_name":"Himanshu Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5396-1276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021807405","display_name":"Veronica Adetola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica Adetola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047724723","display_name":"Draguna Vrabie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-2049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Draguna Vrabie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5895798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"366","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8977877497673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiller","display_name":"Chiller","score":0.7249805927276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.6710599660873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.5115552544593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.49280574917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.4691086411476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.45335498452186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.44889241456985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4343389868736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4097248911857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3999837636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.225462406873703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.19616305828094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10028618574142456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8977877497673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4638862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501558","display_name":"Chiller","level":2,"score":0.7249805927276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.6710599660873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.5115552544593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.49280574917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.4691086411476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.45335498452186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44889241456985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4343389868736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4097248911857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3999837636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.225462406873703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.19616305828094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10028618574142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G480180997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337707","display_name":"Building Technologies Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1798702550","https://openalex.org/W1998032851","https://openalex.org/W2011938518","https://openalex.org/W2016188328","https://openalex.org/W2032999928","https://openalex.org/W2036435304","https://openalex.org/W2050856428","https://openalex.org/W2052162395","https://openalex.org/W2151049413","https://openalex.org/W2159580057","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2342948211","https://openalex.org/W2537004806","https://openalex.org/W2566068439","https://openalex.org/W2766190290","https://openalex.org/W2867551163","https://openalex.org/W2924414368","https://openalex.org/W2950277768","https://openalex.org/W2963805801","https://openalex.org/W2966957982","https://openalex.org/W2980992793","https://openalex.org/W3010396921","https://openalex.org/W3039503035","https://openalex.org/W3098016229","https://openalex.org/W6638209102","https://openalex.org/W6731167674","https://openalex.org/W6769824873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W217279133","https://openalex.org/W2333766344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sequential":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2,11,35,83,98,141,167],"system":[3,16,22,46,144],"and":[4,17,49,70,105,111,123,145,162,172,183],"control":[5,18,26,52,125,146],"design":[6,23,47,67,147],"produce":[7],"sub-optimal":[8],"solutions":[9],"due":[10],"unidirectional":[12],"coupling":[13,40],"between":[14,41],"the":[15,21,25,38,44,50,65,84,143,169],"variables,":[19],"i.e.,":[20],"prescribes":[24],"approach":[27],"but":[28],"not":[29,76],"vice":[30],"versa.":[31],"A":[32],"critical":[33],"challenge":[34],"co-design":[36,56,135],"is":[37,68,165],"complex":[39,69],"heterogeneous":[42],"variables:":[43],"time-independent":[45],"variables":[48,148],"time-varying":[51],"parameters.":[53],"Traditional":[54],"optimization-based":[55],"methods":[57],"are":[58],"unsuitable":[59],"for":[60,149,180],"large-scale":[61],"engineering":[62],"systems":[63,95],"where":[64],"plant":[66,184],"accurate":[71],"control-oriented,":[72],"white-box":[73],"models":[74],"may":[75],"be":[77,116],"available.":[78],"These":[79],"challenges":[80],"have":[81],"led":[82],"widespread":[85],"adoption":[86],"of":[87,102],"industry":[88],"guidelines":[89],"that":[90],"often":[91],"oversize":[92],"commercial":[93,150],"HVAC":[94,121,152],"by":[96],"25\u201350%":[97],"satisfy":[99],"conservative":[100],"estimates":[101],"building":[103,151],"peak-loads":[104],"redundancy":[106],"margins.":[107],"Significant":[108],"energy,":[109,170],"peak-demand,":[110],"capital":[112,173],"cost":[113,174],"savings":[114,175],"can":[115],"realized":[117],"with":[118],"properly":[119],"sized":[120],"units":[122],"optimized":[124],"operation.":[126],"In":[127],"this":[128],"paper,":[129],"we":[130],"develop":[131],"a":[132,158],"data-driven,":[133],"black-box,":[134],"framework":[136],"using":[137],"Bayesian":[138],"Optimization":[139],"(BO)":[140],"co-optimize":[142],"system.":[153],"Using":[154],"real":[155],"chiller":[156,181],"data,":[157],"detailed":[159],"economic":[160],"assessment":[161],"numerical":[163],"study":[164],"conducted":[166],"illustrate":[168],"peakload":[171],"against":[176],"existing":[177],"baseline":[178],"strategies":[179],"sizing":[182],"configuration.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
