{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186627866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482678","title":"Grid-Forming Frequency Shaping Control for Low-Inertia Power Systems","display_name":"Grid-Forming Frequency Shaping Control for Low-Inertia Power Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186627866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482678","mag":"3186627866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103181036","display_name":"Yan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017202620","display_name":"Andrey Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-8388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038366889","display_name":"Petr Vorobev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Vorobev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032910355","display_name":"Enrique Mallada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Mallada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81002387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4184","last_page":"4189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7421560883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6248065233230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.604334831237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.58786940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5404217839241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.5225638747215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-grid","display_name":"Frequency grid","score":0.5213307738304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4901667535305023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overshoot","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","score":0.47002434730529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"Frequency response","score":0.45536959171295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3814420700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28583839535713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.24268749356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15903890132904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12449485063552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10569334030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08738189935684204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7421560883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6248065233230591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.604334831237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.58786940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5404217839241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.5225638747215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.5213307738304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4901667535305023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113957","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","level":2,"score":0.47002434730529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.45536959171295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3814420700073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28583839535713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.24268749356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15903890132904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12449485063552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10569334030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08738189935684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8845136075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPCN 1711188,AMPS 1736448,CAREER 1752362,TRIPODS 1934979","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8846609399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","funder_display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038659959","https://openalex.org/W2065313971","https://openalex.org/W2100929550","https://openalex.org/W2125453397","https://openalex.org/W2151903076","https://openalex.org/W2684931751","https://openalex.org/W2794735166","https://openalex.org/W2892667436","https://openalex.org/W2898968226","https://openalex.org/W2912867368","https://openalex.org/W2913530567","https://openalex.org/W2963848936","https://openalex.org/W2964159913","https://openalex.org/W2980926838","https://openalex.org/W2993610932","https://openalex.org/W2999625554","https://openalex.org/W3012240385","https://openalex.org/W3022209387","https://openalex.org/W3028546528","https://openalex.org/W3032406672","https://openalex.org/W3072836510","https://openalex.org/W3085355369","https://openalex.org/W3155892464","https://openalex.org/W3195133498","https://openalex.org/W6675040508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892695466","https://openalex.org/W4361858090","https://openalex.org/W4289260695","https://openalex.org/W4312982279","https://openalex.org/W4386075353","https://openalex.org/W3003286302","https://openalex.org/W4390988374","https://openalex.org/W2212749139","https://openalex.org/W2333668056","https://openalex.org/W4214716302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"power":[1,80],"systems":[2],"transit":[3],"to":[4,33,35,53,95],"a":[5,31,44,61,78,138],"state":[6],"of":[7,15,21,72,74,128],"high":[8],"renewable":[9],"penetration,":[10],"little":[11],"or":[12],"no":[13,83],"presence":[14],"synchronous":[16],"generators":[17],"makes":[18],"the":[19,55,65,88,92,119,129],"prerequisite":[20],"well-regulated":[22],"frequency":[23,40,47,58,68,94,104,109],"for":[24],"grid-following":[25],"inverters":[26,37],"unrealistic.":[27],"Thus,":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,51,132],"trend":[32],"resort":[34],"grid-forming":[36,46,115],"which":[38,106],"set":[39],"directly.":[41],"We":[42,111],"propose":[43],"novel":[45],"shaping":[48],"control":[49,117,131],"that":[50,113],"able":[52],"shape":[54],"aggregate":[56],"system":[57,93,120],"dynamics":[59,90],"into":[60],"first-order":[62,89],"one":[63],"with":[64],"desired":[66],"steady-state":[67,101],"deviation":[69],"and":[70],"Rate":[71],"Change":[73],"Frequency":[75],"(RoCoF)":[76],"after":[77],"sudden":[79],"imbalance.":[81],"The":[82,126],"overshoot":[84],"property":[85],"resulting":[86],"from":[87],"allows":[91],"monotonically":[96],"move":[97],"towards":[98],"its":[99],"new":[100],"without":[102],"experiencing":[103],"Nadir,":[105],"largely":[107],"improves":[108],"security.":[110],"prove":[112],"our":[114],"frequency-shaping":[116],"renders":[118],"internally":[121],"stable":[122],"under":[123],"mild":[124],"assumptions.":[125],"performance":[127],"proposed":[130],"verified":[133],"via":[134],"numerical":[135],"simulations":[136],"on":[137],"modified":[139],"Icelandic":[140],"Power":[141],"Network":[142],"test":[143],"case.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
