{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045516937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147816","title":"Real-Time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Operation","display_name":"Real-Time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Operation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045516937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147816","mag":"3045516937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069370342","display_name":"Armin Nurkanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-4302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Nurkanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Technology, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Technology, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008747271","display_name":"Amer Me\u0161anovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-2375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer Mesanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040892104","display_name":"Andrea Zanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-0686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Zanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038053055","display_name":"Gianluca Frison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-9699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Frison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007315476","display_name":"Jonathan Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-4209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029758616","display_name":"Sebastian Albrecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Albrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Technology, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Technology, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057375078","display_name":"Moritz Diehl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-8252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Diehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82111976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4989","last_page":"4995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9109482169151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8205455541610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.8102601170539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5720201730728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5643371939659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5086075067520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5008471012115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.49563348293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4670775234699249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4462048411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.341167151927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2627311944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.24748852849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1568886637687683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9109482169151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8205455541610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.8102601170539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720201730728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5643371939659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5086075067520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5008471012115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.49563348293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4670775234699249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4462048411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.341167151927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2627311944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.24748852849006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1568886637687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562460111","https://openalex.org/W1649984915","https://openalex.org/W1665876831","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1963774976","https://openalex.org/W1992970170","https://openalex.org/W2027979480","https://openalex.org/W2049971005","https://openalex.org/W2080048739","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2131869695","https://openalex.org/W2270528027","https://openalex.org/W2407777570","https://openalex.org/W2536374711","https://openalex.org/W2549950425","https://openalex.org/W2842089854","https://openalex.org/W2949953997","https://openalex.org/W2967546285","https://openalex.org/W2982385401","https://openalex.org/W3011428170","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W3087976335","https://openalex.org/W3099506637","https://openalex.org/W3101412365","https://openalex.org/W3155272911","https://openalex.org/W3155748240","https://openalex.org/W4301909677","https://openalex.org/W4327873097","https://openalex.org/W6633748999","https://openalex.org/W6636952434","https://openalex.org/W6753455326","https://openalex.org/W6769695173","https://openalex.org/W6775281116","https://openalex.org/W6782815544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4383747562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,87],"present":[1,88],"a":[2,13,17,46,127,140],"real-time":[3],"feasible":[4],"Nonlinear":[5],"Model":[6],"Predictive":[7],"Control":[8],"(NMPC)":[9],"scheme":[10,77,91],"to":[11,27,53,105,139],"control":[12,54,134],"microgrid":[14,133],"described":[15],"by":[16],"detailed":[18],"Differential":[19],"Algebraic":[20],"Equation":[21],"(DAE).":[22],"Our":[23,123],"NMPC":[24,90,124,143],"formulation":[25],"allows":[26],"consider":[28],"secondary":[29],"voltage":[30],"and":[31,40,57,78,108,113,135],"frequency":[32],"control,":[33],"steady-state":[34],"equal":[35],"load":[36],"sharing,":[37],"economic":[38],"goals":[39],"all":[41],"relevant":[42],"operational":[43],"constraints":[44],"in":[45,61,82,95,110,132],"single":[47],"optimization":[48],"problem.":[49],"The":[50],"challenge":[51],"is":[52],"the":[55,69,83,96,101,111,116,121],"fast":[56,117],"large":[58,106],"dynamical":[59],"system":[60],"real-time.":[62],"To":[63],"achieve":[64],"this":[65],"goal,":[66],"we":[67],"use":[68],"recently":[70],"introduced":[71],"Advanced":[72],"Step":[73],"Real-Time":[74],"Iteration":[75],"(AS-RTI)":[76],"its":[79],"efficient":[80],"implementation":[81],"acados":[84],"software":[85],"package.":[86],"an":[89],"which":[92],"delivers":[93],"feedback":[94],"range":[97],"of":[98,120],"milliseconds.":[99],"Thereby,":[100],"controller":[102],"responds":[103],"efficiently":[104],"disturbances":[107],"mismatches":[109],"predictions":[112],"effectively":[114],"controls":[115],"transient":[118],"dynamics":[119],"microgrid.":[122],"approach":[125],"outperforms":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"I-controller":[129],"usually":[130],"used":[131],"shows":[136],"minor":[137],"deviation":[138],"fully":[141],"converged":[142],"approach.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}