{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116222529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1384678","title":"Internal and external op-amp compensation: a control-centric tutorial","display_name":"Internal and external op-amp compensation: a control-centric tutorial","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116222529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1384678","mag":"2116222529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc.2004.1384678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1384678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108361790","display_name":"K.H. Lundberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K.H. Lundberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108361790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79308802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5197","last_page":"5211 vol.6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-compensation","display_name":"Frequency compensation","score":0.758913516998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.7283579111099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.707533597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6439583897590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6399056911468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"Transfer function","score":0.6260786056518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.5118838548660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-gain","display_name":"Open-loop gain","score":0.4778173267841339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/op-amp-integrator","display_name":"Op amp integrator","score":0.4718610942363739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.463530570268631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pole\u2013zero-plot","display_name":"Pole\u2013zero plot","score":0.4564400613307953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43689677119255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"Frequency response","score":0.4201996922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33988410234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29579776525497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23312872648239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21880954504013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.20487159490585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1509433090686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.15016654133796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09518975019454956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131782439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455581","display_name":"Frequency compensation","level":4,"score":0.758913516998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7283579111099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.707533597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6439583897590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6399056911468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.6260786056518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.5118838548660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143931264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932986","display_name":"Open-loop gain","level":5,"score":0.4778173267841339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159606330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799294","display_name":"Op amp integrator","level":5,"score":0.4718610942363739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.463530570268631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43656286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2100961","display_name":"Pole\u2013zero plot","level":3,"score":0.4564400613307953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43689677119255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.4201996922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33988410234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29579776525497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23312872648239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21880954504013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.20487159490585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1509433090686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.15016654133796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09518975019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc.2004.1384678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1384678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.151.7235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.151.7235","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.mit.edu/klund/www/papers/ACC04_opcomp.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586002010","https://openalex.org/W1564201208","https://openalex.org/W1568523539","https://openalex.org/W1581600025","https://openalex.org/W1594101521","https://openalex.org/W1967174902","https://openalex.org/W1989945985","https://openalex.org/W2103180201","https://openalex.org/W2162680749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059118319","https://openalex.org/W2939385727","https://openalex.org/W2364714248","https://openalex.org/W3021923023","https://openalex.org/W4387100143","https://openalex.org/W1457178328","https://openalex.org/W2100818525","https://openalex.org/W2116222529","https://openalex.org/W3086923098","https://openalex.org/W107302000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"compensation":[1,18,37,49,65],"of":[2,30,35,43,56,63,70,81,89,101],"two-stage":[3],"integrated-circuit":[4],"operational":[5],"amplifiers":[6],"is":[7,51],"normally":[8],"accomplished":[9],"with":[10],"a":[11,40],"capacitor":[12],"around":[13],"the":[14,21,26,31,48,53,57,77,97,102],"second":[15],"stage.":[16],"This":[17],"capacitance":[19,50],"creates":[20],"desired":[22],"dominant-pole":[23],"behavior":[24,98],"in":[25,60],"open-loop":[27],"transfer":[28],"function":[29],"op-amp.":[32],"Circuit":[33],"analysis":[34,78],"this":[36],"leads":[38],"to":[39],"mathematical":[41],"observation":[42],"\"pole":[44],"splitting\":":[45],"that":[46],"as":[47,66],"increased,":[52],"parasitic":[54],"poles":[55],"amplifier":[58],"separate":[59],"frequency.":[61],"Treatment":[62],"op-amp":[64,82],"minor-loop":[67],"feedback,":[68],"instead":[69,88],"pole":[71],"splitting,":[72],"greatly":[73],"simplifies":[74],"and":[75,79,94,99],"generalizes":[76],"design":[80],"frequency":[83],"response.":[84],"Using":[85],"classical-control":[86],"techniques":[87],"direct":[90],"circuit":[91],"analysis,":[92],"insight":[93],"intuition":[95],"into":[96],"flexibility":[100],"system":[103],"are":[104],"gained.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}