{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134685539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1383637","title":"A system-theoretic foundation for thermodynamics: energy flow, energy balance, energy equipartition, entropy, and ectropy","display_name":"A system-theoretic foundation for thermodynamics: energy flow, energy balance, energy equipartition, entropy, and ectropy","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134685539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1383637","mag":"2134685539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc.2004.1383637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1383637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033711937","display_name":"Wassim M. Haddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4362-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W.M. Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022402078","display_name":"V. Chellaboina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-5037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Chellaboina","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010346199","display_name":"Sergey G. Nersesov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-1181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.G. Nersesov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033711937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66955993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"396","last_page":"417 vol.1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10913","display_name":"Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equipartition-theorem","display_name":"Equipartition theorem","score":0.8902800679206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6115620732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.5752851366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-function","display_name":"Lyapunov function","score":0.49593743681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","score":0.4923344850540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4898328483104706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.46506693959236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-law-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","score":0.4346829950809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamic-free-energy","display_name":"Thermodynamic free energy","score":0.4317018687725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3757026791572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.2250942587852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1426917314529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.07843673229217529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99742106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255996","display_name":"Equipartition theorem","level":3,"score":0.8902800679206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6115620732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5752851366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60640748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337858","display_name":"Lyapunov function","level":3,"score":0.49593743681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18815010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849392","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.4923344850540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4898328483104706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.46506693959236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177045","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4346829950809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170623327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146448","display_name":"Thermodynamic free energy","level":2,"score":0.4317018687725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3757026791572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.2250942587852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1426917314529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.07843673229217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/acc.2004.1383637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1383637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620583004","https://openalex.org/W1494552723","https://openalex.org/W1500921805","https://openalex.org/W1526841806","https://openalex.org/W1535361766","https://openalex.org/W1718529165","https://openalex.org/W1971485640","https://openalex.org/W1972271786","https://openalex.org/W1972447015","https://openalex.org/W1981444600","https://openalex.org/W1996640196","https://openalex.org/W1996851673","https://openalex.org/W2003562077","https://openalex.org/W2005789397","https://openalex.org/W2007876331","https://openalex.org/W2018910129","https://openalex.org/W2022656677","https://openalex.org/W2031829025","https://openalex.org/W2040742917","https://openalex.org/W2041386613","https://openalex.org/W2058425167","https://openalex.org/W2061257553","https://openalex.org/W2081837399","https://openalex.org/W2083238274","https://openalex.org/W2085521187","https://openalex.org/W2087040380","https://openalex.org/W2090680824","https://openalex.org/W2091935636","https://openalex.org/W2095477585","https://openalex.org/W2101118764","https://openalex.org/W2102377010","https://openalex.org/W2104891404","https://openalex.org/W2527383467","https://openalex.org/W2567294192","https://openalex.org/W3004164531","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972447015","https://openalex.org/W2917140134","https://openalex.org/W560738146","https://openalex.org/W2204026343","https://openalex.org/W2372817418","https://openalex.org/W4285385927","https://openalex.org/W2368366501","https://openalex.org/W2746006879","https://openalex.org/W3089260001","https://openalex.org/W2738568404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"a":[2,8,38,44,54,60,93],"system-theoretic":[3,39],"foundation":[4],"for":[5],"thermodynamics":[6,36],"using":[7,14,88],"large-scale":[9,101,116],"dynamical":[10,16,61],"systems":[11],"perspective.":[12],"Specifically,":[13],"compartmental":[15],"system":[17,62,77,90,117],"energy":[18,25,27,72,103],"flow":[19,104],"models,":[20],"we":[21,42,97],"place":[22],"the":[23,57,89,115],"universal":[24],"conservation,":[26],"equipartition,":[28,30],"temperature":[29],"and":[31,46,67,84],"entropy":[32],"nonconservation":[33,81],"laws":[34],"of":[35,56,59,71,82],"on":[37],"foundation.":[40],"Furthermore,":[41],"introduce":[43],"new":[45],"dual":[47],"notion":[48],"to":[49,63,80,109],"entropy;":[50],"namely,":[51],"ectropy,":[52],"as":[53,92],"measure":[55],"tendency":[58],"do":[64],"useful":[65],"work":[66],"show":[68,98],"that":[69,99],"conservation":[70],"in":[73],"an":[74],"isolated":[75],"thermodynamic":[76,102],"necessarily":[78],"leads":[79],"ectropy":[83,91],"entropy.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"Lyapunov":[94,110],"function":[95],"candidate":[96],"our":[100],"model":[105],"has":[106],"convergent":[107],"trajectories":[108],"stable":[111],"equilibria":[112],"determined":[113],"by":[114],"initial":[118],"subsystem":[119],"energies.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}