{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953154208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","title":"Abstract Hidden Markov Models: a monadic account of quantitative information flow","display_name":"Abstract Hidden Markov Models: a monadic account of quantitative information flow","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953154208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","mag":"2953154208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/5330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/5330/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035107880","display_name":"Annabelle McIver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Annabelle McIver","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Macquarie University#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Macquarie University#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039019347","display_name":"Carroll Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8535-9068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carroll Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Macquarie University#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Macquarie University#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048557064","display_name":"Tahiry Rabehaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3630-4749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahiry Rabehaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035107880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06081273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 15, Issue 1","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7334029674530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monad","display_name":"Monad (category theory)","score":0.6395837068557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4966297745704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.4633425176143646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4603853225708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4026240110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3894156813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3719380497932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35169586539268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3459325432777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19393453001976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11462503671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10352659225463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functor","display_name":"Functor","score":0.07386934757232666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7334029674530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33959348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630568","display_name":"Monad (category theory)","level":3,"score":0.6395837068557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4966297745704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.4633425176143646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4603853225708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4026240110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3894156813621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3719380497932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35169586539268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3459325432777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19393453001976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11462503671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10352659225463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156772000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864475","display_name":"Functor","level":2,"score":0.07386934757232666}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/5330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2953154208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01688.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7c385d3b33b4485ba84a65c73b4b875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7c385d3b33b4485ba84a65c73b4b875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science, Vol Volume 15, Issue 1 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.01688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.01688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:3098396449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23638/lmcs-15(1:36)2019","pdf_url":"https://lmcs.episciences.org/5330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8352778102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP120101413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313934","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (INRIA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953154208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953154208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182286721","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W342302233","https://openalex.org/W1502441045","https://openalex.org/W1734364899","https://openalex.org/W1982800675","https://openalex.org/W1987983106","https://openalex.org/W2014354084","https://openalex.org/W2025076043","https://openalex.org/W2029839940","https://openalex.org/W2032916024","https://openalex.org/W2046981034","https://openalex.org/W2052747341","https://openalex.org/W2067955804","https://openalex.org/W2075273870","https://openalex.org/W2093747721","https://openalex.org/W2097151854","https://openalex.org/W2102750354","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2107334802","https://openalex.org/W2115270921","https://openalex.org/W2141670510","https://openalex.org/W2143476162","https://openalex.org/W2155748644","https://openalex.org/W2156876717","https://openalex.org/W2163872159","https://openalex.org/W2177831262","https://openalex.org/W2607923323","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W2912843816","https://openalex.org/W3102249367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2809754822","https://openalex.org/W3208606349","https://openalex.org/W28931835","https://openalex.org/W3121809296","https://openalex.org/W2023861274","https://openalex.org/W2942964520","https://openalex.org/W1496335730","https://openalex.org/W3105658135","https://openalex.org/W1608782706","https://openalex.org/W1604013339","https://openalex.org/W2096619922","https://openalex.org/W3100138022","https://openalex.org/W2894682923","https://openalex.org/W304883577","https://openalex.org/W3182522751","https://openalex.org/W1847579509","https://openalex.org/W3021851953","https://openalex.org/W1658292375","https://openalex.org/W3046473740","https://openalex.org/W2951261823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hidden":[0],"Markov":[1,8,88],"Models,":[2],"HMM's,":[3,46],"are":[4,22],"mathematical":[5],"models":[6,89],"of":[7,34,61,114,118,137,162],"processes":[9],"with":[10,57,70,101,121,134,176],"state":[11,74,91],"that":[12,85,149,191],"is":[13,92,150,159,198],"hidden,":[14],"but":[15],"from":[16,183],"which":[17],"information":[18],"can":[19,189],"leak.":[20],"They":[21],"typically":[23],"represented":[24],"as":[25,32,44,111],"3-way":[26],"joint-probability":[27],"distributions.":[28],"We":[29,95,106,204],"use":[30,77],"HMM's":[31,148,156],"denotations":[33],"probabilistic":[35,119],"hidden-state":[36],"sequential":[37],"programs:":[38],"for":[39,87,125,147,173,195,208],"that,":[40,182],"we":[41,54,76,141,180],"recast":[42],"them":[43,56],"`abstract'":[45],"computations":[47],"in":[48,202],"the":[49,67,82,97,115,130,135,153,163,192],"Giry":[50],"monad":[51],"$\\mathbb{D}$,":[52],"and":[53,127,169],"equip":[55],"a":[58,102,112,143,206],"partial":[59],"order":[60,136],"increasing":[62,138],"security.":[63,139],"However":[64],"to":[65,152],"encode":[66],"monadic":[68],"type":[69],"hiding":[71],"over":[72],"some":[73],"$\\mathcal{X}$":[75],"$\\mathbb{D}\\mathcal{X}\\to":[78,98],"\\mathbb{D}^2\\mathcal{X}$":[79,99],"rather":[80],"than":[81],"conventional":[83],"$\\mathcal{X}{\\to}\\mathbb{D}\\mathcal{X}$":[84],"suffices":[86],"whose":[90],"not":[93],"hidden.":[94],"illustrate":[96],"construction":[100],"small":[103],"Haskell":[104],"prototype.":[105],"then":[107],"present":[108],"uncertainty":[109],"measures":[110],"generalisation":[113],"extant":[116],"diversity":[117],"entropies,":[120],"characteristic":[122],"analytic":[123],"properties":[124],"them,":[126],"show":[128],"how":[129],"new":[131,185],"entropies":[132],"interact":[133],"Furthermore,":[140],"give":[142],"`backwards'":[144],"uncertainty-transformer":[145],"semantics":[146,168,172],"dual":[151],"`forwards'":[154],"abstract":[155],"-":[157],"it":[158,210],"an":[160,200],"analogue":[161],"duality":[164],"between":[165],"forwards,":[166],"relational":[167],"backwards,":[170],"predicate-transformer":[171],"imperative":[174],"programs":[175],"demonic":[177],"choice.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"argue":[181],"this":[184],"denotational-semantic":[186],"viewpoint,":[187],"one":[188],"see":[190],"Dalenius":[193],"desideratum":[194],"statistical":[196],"databases":[197],"actually":[199],"issue":[201],"compositionality.":[203],"propose":[205],"means":[207],"taking":[209],"into":[211],"account.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}