{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2737645066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","title":"On universal partial words","display_name":"On universal partial words","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2737645066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","mag":"2737645066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","pdf_url":"https://dmtcs.episciences.org/3690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200334879","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1365-8050","issn":["1365-8050","1462-7264"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328141799","host_organization_name":"French association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328141799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["French association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dmtcs.episciences.org/3690/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078825353","display_name":"Herman Z. Q. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168673124","display_name":"Tianjin Chengjian University","ror":"https://ror.org/01d0bkz51","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168673124"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Herman Z. Q. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168673124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024451009","display_name":"Sergey Kitaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-1647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Kitaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028248747","display_name":"Torsten M\u00fctze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-7436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten M\u00fctze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Mathematik, TU Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Mathematik, TU Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066869014","display_name":"Brian Y. Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-3677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Y. Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078825353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168673124"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9566,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77860774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"Vol. 19 no. 1","issue":"Combinatorics","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.869990885257721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.41833996772766113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.869990885257721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.41833996772766113}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","pdf_url":"https://dmtcs.episciences.org/3690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200334879","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1365-8050","issn":["1365-8050","1462-7264"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328141799","host_organization_name":"French association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328141799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["French association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1601.06456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.06456","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.06456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f352357fbb2482b98858b17c4afd2e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f352357fbb2482b98858b17c4afd2e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, Vol Vol. 19 no. 1, Iss Combinatorics (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23638/dmtcs-19-1-16","pdf_url":"https://dmtcs.episciences.org/3690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200334879","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1365-8050","issn":["1365-8050","1462-7264"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328141799","host_organization_name":"French association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328141799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["French association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323021","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325419","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2737645066.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548164611","https://openalex.org/W1884971315","https://openalex.org/W1988388271","https://openalex.org/W1994676950","https://openalex.org/W2006913132","https://openalex.org/W2007604388","https://openalex.org/W2011451430","https://openalex.org/W2023800056","https://openalex.org/W2035892720","https://openalex.org/W2041391522","https://openalex.org/W2047107624","https://openalex.org/W2049228167","https://openalex.org/W2078173764","https://openalex.org/W2085157194","https://openalex.org/W2098163993","https://openalex.org/W2126183322","https://openalex.org/W2150584686","https://openalex.org/W2566543723","https://openalex.org/W2592570088","https://openalex.org/W4206122585","https://openalex.org/W4248882684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2962838298","https://openalex.org/W2600246793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"universal":[1,41,58,137,162],"word":[2,15,21,103],"for":[3,44,104,110],"a":[4,14,28,80,100,172],"finite":[5],"alphabet":[6,107],"$A$":[7,17,46,71],"and":[8,36,47,109,123,131,135,149],"some":[9],"integer":[10],"$n\\geq":[11],"1$":[12],"is":[13,34,99],"over":[16],"such":[18],"that":[19,40,64,165],"every":[20],"in":[22,65,140],"$A^n$":[23],"appears":[24],"exactly":[25],"once":[26],"as":[27],"subword":[29],"(cyclically":[30],"or":[31],"linearly).":[32],"It":[33],"well-known":[35],"easy":[37],"to":[38,67],"prove":[39],"words":[42,63,139,164],"exist":[43],"any":[45,91],"$n$.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"work":[51],"we":[52,166],"initiate":[53],"the":[54,68,105,113,120,129,145,169],"systematic":[55],"study":[56],"of":[57,77,79,117,133,147,161,171],"partial":[59,102,138,163],"words.":[60],"These":[61],"are":[62],"addition":[66],"letters":[69,116],"from":[70,93],"may":[72],"contain":[73],"an":[74],"arbitrary":[75],"number":[76,146],"occurrences":[78],"special":[81],"`joker'":[82],"symbol":[83,92],"$\\Diamond\\notin":[84],"A$,":[85],"which":[86],"can":[87],"be":[88],"substituted":[89],"by":[90],"$A$.":[94],"For":[95],"example,":[96],"$u=0\\Diamond":[97],"011100$":[98],"linear":[101,134],"binary":[106],"$A=\\{0,1\\}$":[108],"$n=3$":[111],"(e.g.,":[112],"first":[114],"three":[115],"$u$":[118],"yield":[119],"subwords":[121],"$000$":[122],"$010$).":[124],"We":[125,156],"present":[126],"results":[127],"on":[128,144],"existence":[130],"non-existence":[132],"cyclic":[136],"different":[141],"situations":[142],"(depending":[143],"$\\Diamond$s":[148],"their":[150],"positions),":[151],"including":[152],"various":[153],"explicit":[154],"constructions.":[155],"also":[157],"provide":[158],"numerous":[159],"examples":[160],"found":[167],"with":[168],"help":[170],"computer.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}