{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3181412326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.4.mwsf-300","title":"Attribution of Gradient Based Adversarial Attacks for Reverse Engineering of Deceptions","display_name":"Attribution of Gradient Based Adversarial Attacks for Reverse Engineering of Deceptions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3181412326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.4.mwsf-300","mag":"3181412326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.4.mwsf-300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.4.mwsf-300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110832532","display_name":"Michael Goebel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Goebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031787031","display_name":"Jason Bunk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-6805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123064","display_name":"Mayachitra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pvba079","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Bunk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028365043","display_name":"Srinjoy Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-0378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123064","display_name":"Mayachitra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pvba079","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinjoy Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042091237","display_name":"Lakshmanan Nataraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-7237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123064","display_name":"Mayachitra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pvba079","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshmanan Nataraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009022144","display_name":"Shivkumar Chandrasekaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2508-5605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123064","display_name":"Mayachitra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pvba079","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivkumar Chandrasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045964903","display_name":"B. S. Manjunath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123064","display_name":"Mayachitra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pvba079","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. S. Manjunath","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara","Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayachitra Inc; Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123064"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110832532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54800719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"300","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12166","display_name":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8175222873687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.6091204881668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5084925889968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40109938383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3818168044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3427266478538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.15437725186347961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8175222873687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.6091204881668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5084925889968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40109938383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3818168044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3427266478538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15437725186347961}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.4.mwsf-300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.4.mwsf-300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6950192420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001119900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883420340","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1975528596","https://openalex.org/W1980631944","https://openalex.org/W2165703179","https://openalex.org/W2180290696","https://openalex.org/W2230740169","https://openalex.org/W2342045095","https://openalex.org/W2412509443","https://openalex.org/W2606529538","https://openalex.org/W2613144983","https://openalex.org/W2619479788","https://openalex.org/W2810611310","https://openalex.org/W2916286792","https://openalex.org/W2950468330","https://openalex.org/W2963098487","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2975558816","https://openalex.org/W2983044655","https://openalex.org/W4293584023","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4294349862","https://openalex.org/W4297573953","https://openalex.org/W4381325153","https://openalex.org/W4394663350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"algorithms":[3],"are":[4],"susceptible":[5],"to":[6,73,87],"adversarial":[7,23,52,75,91],"attacks":[8,26,92],"and":[9,14,33,49,60,93],"deception":[10],"both":[11],"during":[12],"training":[13],"deployment.Automatic":[15],"reverse":[16],"engineering":[17],"of":[18,51,79],"the":[19,31,66,77,84],"toolchains":[20,55],"behind":[21],"these":[22,37],"machine":[24],"learning":[25],"will":[27],"aid":[28],"in":[29,36],"recovering":[30],"tools":[32],"processes":[34],"used":[35,72],"attacks.In":[38],"this":[39,82],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"present":[42],"two":[43],"techniques":[44,68],"that":[45,65],"support":[46],"automated":[47],"identification":[48],"attribution":[50],"ML":[53],"attack":[54],"using":[56],"Co-occurrence":[57],"Pixel":[58],"statistics":[59],"Laplacian":[61],"Residuals.Our":[62],"experiments":[63],"show":[64],"proposed":[67],"can":[69],"identify":[70],"parameters":[71],"generate":[74],"samples.To":[76],"best":[78],"our":[80],"knowledge,":[81],"is":[83],"first":[85],"approach":[86],"attribute":[88],"gradient":[89],"based":[90],"estimate":[94],"their":[95],"parameters.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
