{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089312591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.16.avm-257","title":"LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection","display_name":"LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089312591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.16.avm-257","mag":"3089312591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.16.avm-257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.16.avm-257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021851668","display_name":"Darshan Bhanushali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darshan Bhanushali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008015607","display_name":"Robert Relyea","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Relyea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083778889","display_name":"Karan Manghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karan Manghi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088446238","display_name":"Abhishek Vashist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2176-8567"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Vashist","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043543663","display_name":"Clark Hochgraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4700-2105"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clark Hochgraf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051765631","display_name":"Amlan Ganguly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-7596"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amlan Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031417073","display_name":"Andres Kwasinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-8318"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Kwasinski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103731285","display_name":"Michael E. Kuhl","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Kuhl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032475867","display_name":"Raymond Ptucha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-7429"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Ptucha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021851668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2944,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57384442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"16","first_page":"257","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8408851027488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8168867826461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7945772409439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7414097189903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7200480699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5718749165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.570961058139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5318220257759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4347800016403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.30789145827293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.21454209089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1265297830104828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8408851027488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8168867826461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7945772409439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7414097189903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7200480699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5718749165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.570961058139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5318220257759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4347800016403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30789145827293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.21454209089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1265297830104828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.16.avm-257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.16.avm-257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,75,82,99,164],"autonomous":[3],"agents":[4],"in":[5],"both":[6,122],"commercial":[7],"and":[8,26,50,124,130,147,161],"consumer":[9],"applications":[10],"increases":[11],"along":[12],"with":[13],"their":[14,33],"situational":[15],"awareness.":[16],"Tasks":[17],"such":[18,62],"as":[19,63],"obstacle":[20],"avoidance,":[21],"agent":[22,24],"to":[23,35,43,48,107],"interaction,":[25],"path":[27],"planning":[28],"are":[29],"directly":[30],"dependent":[31],"upon":[32],"ability":[34,47],"convert":[36],"sensor":[37],"readings":[38],"into":[39],"scene":[40],"understanding.":[41],"Central":[42],"this":[44,135],"is":[45,132],"the":[46,165,170],"detect":[49],"recognize":[51],"objects.":[52,83],"Many":[53],"object":[54,68,85,100,106,128,155],"detection":[55,69,86,129,156],"methodologies":[56],"operate":[57],"on":[58,169],"a":[59,139,149],"single":[60],"modality":[61],"vision":[64],"or":[65],"LiDAR.":[66],"Camera-based":[67,102],"models":[70,87],"benefit":[71],"from":[72,121],"an":[73],"abundance":[74],"feature-rich":[76,116],"information":[77,120],"for":[78,143],"classifying":[79],"different":[80],"types":[81],"LiDAR-based":[84,112],"use":[88],"sparse":[89],"point":[90,94],"clouds,":[91],"where":[92],"each":[93],"contains":[95],"accurate":[96,105],"3D":[97,152],"position":[98],"surfaces.":[101],"methods":[103,113],"lack":[104,114],"lens":[108],"distance":[109],"measurements,":[110],"while":[111],"dense":[115],"details.":[117],"By":[118],"utilizing":[119],"camera":[123],"LiDAR":[125],"sensors,":[126],"advanced":[127],"identification":[131],"possible.":[133],"In":[134],"work,":[136],"we":[137],"introduce":[138],"deep":[140],"learning":[141],"framework":[142],"fusing":[144],"these":[145],"modalities":[146],"produce":[148],"robust":[150],"real-time":[151],"bounding":[153],"box":[154],"network.":[157],"We":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"qualitative":[160],"quantitative":[162],"analysis":[163],"proposed":[166],"fusion":[167],"model":[168],"popular":[171],"KITTI":[172],"dataset.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}