{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975208387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","title":"An autonomous drone surveillance and tracking architecture","display_name":"An autonomous drone surveillance and tracking architecture","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975208387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","mag":"2975208387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/31/15/art00008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/31/15/art00008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042485781","display_name":"Eren Unlu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193033237","display_name":"Institut Superieur de l'Aeronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyj6s21","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193033237"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eren Unlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'A\u00e9ronautique et de l'Espace"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'A\u00e9ronautique et de l'Espace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193033237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039395517","display_name":"Emmaneul Zenou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193033237","display_name":"Institut Superieur de l'Aeronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyj6s21","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193033237"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmaneul Zenou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'A\u00e9ronautique et de l'Espace"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'A\u00e9ronautique et de l'Espace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193033237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102833501","display_name":"Nicolas Rivi\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Riviere","raw_affiliation_strings":["ONERA / DOTA, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse [Toulouse]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONERA / DOTA, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse [Toulouse]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024271495","display_name":"Paul-\u00c9douard Dupouy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul-Edouard Dupouy","raw_affiliation_strings":["ONERA / DOTA, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse [Toulouse]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONERA / DOTA, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse [Toulouse]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7118,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75478294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"15","first_page":"35","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7720726728439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.6851375699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.677819013595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6734268069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.6457349061965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6409574151039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turret","display_name":"Turret","score":0.6254993081092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daylight","display_name":"Daylight","score":0.6160165667533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.49869728088378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4381946623325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.41547590494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4153258204460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41087400913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.207402765750885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7720726728439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.6851375699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.677819013595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6734268069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.6457349061965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6409574151039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21481585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6502179","display_name":"Turret","level":2,"score":0.6254993081092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149277555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16491","display_name":"Daylight","level":2,"score":0.6160165667533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.49869728088378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4381946623325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.41547590494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4153258204460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41087400913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.207402765750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/31/15/art00008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02864552v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02864552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2019 Autonomous Vehicles and Machines Conference, AVM 2019, Jan 2019, Hyatt Regency San Francisco, United States. pp.35-1-35-7, ⟨10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2019.15.AVM-035⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.15.avm-035","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/31/15/art00008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975208387.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975208387.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W788527972","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2464322612","https://openalex.org/W2464890187","https://openalex.org/W2538045403","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2610812060","https://openalex.org/W2718471533","https://openalex.org/W2733028281","https://openalex.org/W2759395939","https://openalex.org/W2765322173","https://openalex.org/W2765393545","https://openalex.org/W2766881959","https://openalex.org/W2895257011","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6741113853","https://openalex.org/W6745383822","https://openalex.org/W6755054488","https://openalex.org/W6760385162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W845547221","https://openalex.org/W2916749806","https://openalex.org/W2380752979","https://openalex.org/W2990973792","https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2468095590","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W2013909972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,27,35,43,63],"computer":[6],"vision":[7],"and":[8,34,107,133],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"backed":[11],"autonomous":[12],"drone":[13],"surveillance":[14],"system,":[15],"in":[16],"order":[17],"to":[18,137],"protect":[19],"critical":[20],"locations.":[21],"The":[22,46,69,124],"system":[23],"is":[24,72,119,129],"composed":[25],"of":[26,54,126,139,142],"wide":[28,47],"angle,":[29,112],"high":[30],"resolution":[31],"daylight":[32,49],"camera":[33,40,50],"relatively":[36],"narrow":[37,111],"angle":[38,48],"thermal":[39,114],"mounted":[41],"on":[42,74,122],"rotating":[44,105],"turret.":[45],"allows":[51],"the":[52,94,97,104,110,127],"detection":[53,71],"flying":[55,99],"intruders,":[56],"as":[57,59],"small":[58],"20":[60],"pixels":[61],"with":[62],"very":[64],"low":[65,88],"false":[66,89],"alarm":[67,90],"rate.":[68],"primary":[70],"based":[73,121],"YOLO":[75],"convolutional":[76],"neural":[77],"network":[78],"(CNN)":[79],"rather":[80],"than":[81],"conventional":[82],"background":[83],"subtraction":[84],"algorithms":[85,128],"due":[86,136],"its":[87],"rate":[91],"performance.":[92],"At":[93],"same":[95],"time,":[96],"tracked":[98,102],"objects":[100],"are":[101],"by":[103,109,131],"turret":[106],"classified":[108],"zoomed":[113],"camera,":[115],"where":[116],"classification":[117],"algorithm":[118],"also":[120],"CNNs.":[123],"training":[125],"performed":[130],"artificial":[132],"augmented":[134],"datasets":[135],"scarcity":[138],"infrared":[140],"videos":[141],"drones.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}