{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2578307915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","title":"Malicons: Detecting Payload in Favicons","display_name":"Malicons: Detecting Payload in Favicons","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2578307915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","mag":"2578307915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/28/8/art00015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/28/8/art00015","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059337672","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pevn\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151281966","display_name":"Cisco Systems (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qy75381","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043","https://openalex.org/I151281966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146034","display_name":"Cisco Systems (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg1g218","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043","https://openalex.org/I4210146034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CN","CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pevn\u00fd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic","Cisco R&D Center in Prague, Cisco Systems, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco R&D Center in Prague, Cisco Systems, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146034","https://openalex.org/I151281966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059388034","display_name":"Martin Kopp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151281966","display_name":"Cisco Systems (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qy75381","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043","https://openalex.org/I151281966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146034","display_name":"Cisco Systems (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg1g218","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043","https://openalex.org/I4210146034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CN","CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco R&D Center in Prague, Cisco Systems, Inc","Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco R&D Center in Prague, Cisco Systems, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146034","https://openalex.org/I151281966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080191028","display_name":"Jakub K\u0159oustek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141377","display_name":"AVG Technologies (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vccbd52","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141377"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub K\u0159oustek","raw_affiliation_strings":["AVG Technologies, Inc., Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AVG Technologies, Inc., Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111728681","display_name":"Andrew D. Ker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-3305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Ker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16330964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"8","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.9763965010643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.8630849123001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.832785964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7595638036727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7488454580307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.693234920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5996749401092529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4744378626346588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41626590490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21733462810516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17395389080047607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.9763965010643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.8630849123001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.832785964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7595638036727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7488454580307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.693234920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5996749401092529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4744378626346588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41626590490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21733462810516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17395389080047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/28/8/art00015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:895a0272-412f-4a64-ba07-70c2c497dd88","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:895a0272-412f-4a64-ba07-70c2c497dd88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-079","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/ei/articles/28/8/art00015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2578307915.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2578307915.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W1565541031","https://openalex.org/W1969171557","https://openalex.org/W1992159937","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2015958747","https://openalex.org/W2027184711","https://openalex.org/W2041845394","https://openalex.org/W2139438093","https://openalex.org/W2186792443","https://openalex.org/W2188768858","https://openalex.org/W2545848843","https://openalex.org/W2548753991","https://openalex.org/W6730109398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148973528","https://openalex.org/W2939392096","https://openalex.org/W4243922849","https://openalex.org/W2930153478","https://openalex.org/W2106726851","https://openalex.org/W4309385482","https://openalex.org/W3154843532","https://openalex.org/W2068740952","https://openalex.org/W2182496537","https://openalex.org/W2792878404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"version":[2],"of":[3,13,59,69],"the":[4,11,14,26,63],"\"Vawtrak\"":[5],"malware":[6],"used":[7],"steganography":[8],"to":[9],"hide":[10],"addresses":[12],"command":[15],"and":[16,65],"control":[17],"channels":[18],"in":[19,33,49,85],"favicons:":[20],"small":[21],"images":[22],"automatically":[23],"downloaded":[24,61],"by":[25],"web":[27],"browser.":[28],"Since":[29],"almost":[30],"all":[31],"research":[32],"steganalysis":[34,71],"focuses":[35],"on":[36,55],"natural":[37],"images,":[38],"we":[39,92],"study":[40,52],"how":[41],"well":[42,74],"these":[43],"methods":[44],"can":[45,93],"detect":[46,94],"secret":[47],"messages":[48],"favicons.":[50,86],"The":[51,87],"is":[53,90],"performed":[54],"a":[56,67,99],"large":[57],"corpus":[58],"favicons":[60,97],"from":[62],"internet":[64],"applies":[66],"number":[68],"state-of-art":[70],"techniques,":[72],"as":[73,75],"proposing":[76],"very":[77],"simple":[78],"novel":[79],"features":[80],"that":[81],"exploit":[82],"flat":[83],"areas":[84],"ultimate":[88],"question":[89],"whether":[91],"Vawtrak's":[95],"steganographic":[96],"with":[98],"sufficiently":[100],"low":[101],"false":[102],"positive":[103],"rate.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
