{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2577138561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","title":"Avoiding detection on twitter: embedding strategies for linguistic steganography","display_name":"Avoiding detection on twitter: embedding strategies for linguistic steganography","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2577138561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","mag":"2577138561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/28/8/art00010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/28/8/art00010","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057150422","display_name":"Alex Wilson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111728681","display_name":"Andrew D. Ker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-3305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Ker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6902,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89858149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"8","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.9169447422027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7484252452850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6037479639053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5806081891059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5332028269767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4477165937423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44717758893966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39431941509246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3882455825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2990950047969818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13055419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08649992942810059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.9169447422027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7484252452850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6037479639053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5806081891059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5332028269767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4477165937423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44717758893966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39431941509246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3882455825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2990950047969818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13055419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08649992942810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/28/8/art00010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:893731ab-6c38-447b-ab97-d3f555c4ccd7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:893731ab-6c38-447b-ab97-d3f555c4ccd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Conference"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.8.mwsf-074","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/admin/apis/public/api/ist/website/downloadArticle/ei/28/8/art00010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2577138561.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2577138561.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482218439","https://openalex.org/W1555286493","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W1963536592","https://openalex.org/W1965997238","https://openalex.org/W1992159937","https://openalex.org/W2027959107","https://openalex.org/W2039836978","https://openalex.org/W2074754392","https://openalex.org/W2085340355","https://openalex.org/W2089798121","https://openalex.org/W2103113389","https://openalex.org/W2118688098","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2128974515","https://openalex.org/W2134527668","https://openalex.org/W2159019546","https://openalex.org/W2170311913","https://openalex.org/W2250264914","https://openalex.org/W2251012556","https://openalex.org/W2251044566","https://openalex.org/W3046507427","https://openalex.org/W4386506836","https://openalex.org/W6660300660","https://openalex.org/W6678945065","https://openalex.org/W6691444529","https://openalex.org/W6691620997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521839693","https://openalex.org/W2969135852","https://openalex.org/W2188948172","https://openalex.org/W38533693","https://openalex.org/W2892069487","https://openalex.org/W2741842698","https://openalex.org/W1760333999","https://openalex.org/W2265739152","https://openalex.org/W2094307307","https://openalex.org/W2153696906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Any":[0],"serious":[1],"steganography":[2],"system":[3],"should":[4],"make":[5],"use":[6],"of":[7,14,35,75],"coding.":[8,25],"Here,":[9],"we":[10],"investigate":[11,39],"the":[12,33,40,45],"performance":[13],"our":[15],"prior":[16],"linguistic":[17,31,79],"steganographic":[18],"method":[19],"for":[20,30,44],"tweets,":[21],"combined":[22],"with":[23,52],"perfect":[24],"We":[26,68],"propose":[27],"distortion":[28,48],"measures":[29,49],"steganography,":[32],"first":[34],"their":[36],"kind,":[37],"and":[38],"best":[41],"embedding":[42],"strategy":[43],"steganographer.":[46],"These":[47],"are":[50],"tested":[51],"fully":[53],"automatically":[54],"generated":[55],"stego":[56,61],"objects,":[57],"as":[58,60],"well":[59],"tweets":[62],"filtered":[63],"by":[64],"a":[65,71],"human":[66],"operator.":[67],"also":[69],"observed":[70],"square":[72],"root":[73],"law":[74],"capacity":[76],"in":[77],"this":[78],"stegosystem.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
