{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2337527795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.20.color-330","title":"How Red is Cadmium Red?","display_name":"How Red is Cadmium Red?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2337527795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.20.color-330","mag":"2337527795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.20.color-330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.20.color-330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/27674/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011323785","display_name":"Carinna Parraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-8749"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carinna Parraman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073555820","display_name":"Judith Mottram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-2576"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Mottram","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03123304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"20","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.7860999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"Cadmium","score":0.7025353908538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5146371126174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.3356131911277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.2434123158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.19498273730278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.13646313548088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.09890973567962646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.7025353908538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5146371126174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3356131911277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2434123158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.19498273730278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.13646313548088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.09890973567962646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.20.color-330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.20.color-330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227276","display_name":"Electronic Imaging","issn_l":"2470-1173","issn":["2470-1173"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.uwe.ac.uk:27674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/27674/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401464","display_name":"UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","host_organization_name":"University of the West of England","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.uwe.ac.uk:27674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/27674/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401464","display_name":"UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","host_organization_name":"University of the West of England","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interest":[0],"in":[1,50,95,127,173,220,320,369,395,422,426,601,607,628],"the":[2,60,67,84,151,170,179,200,218,221,224,226,259,263,272,277,281,288,293,309,324,328,339,396,416,439,461,503,523,571,574,629,637],"colour":[3,57,71,88,105,120,310,313,321,424,466,474,487,506,510,526,537,552,572,605],"reproduction":[4,61],"of":[5,62,69,83,87,93,134,181,202,223,245,262,276,283,297,350,358,460,463,492,525,533,544,565,573,603,631],"artworks":[6],"and":[7,27,54,66,72,89,110,133,150,205,209,255,265,274,318,352,371,452,455,468,509,561,582,590,621,634],"artefacts":[8,20],"is":[9,15,76,121,125,338,343,386,393,406,429,488,500,511,522,539],"gaining":[10],"more":[11,212],"significance,":[12],"as":[13,189,513,528],"it":[14,405,507],"now":[16,196,344],"recognised":[17],"that":[18,106,229,342,385,413,538,568],"some":[19,28,465],"are":[21,31,145,195,230,237,268,549],"too":[22],"delicate":[23],"to":[24,36,52,79,97,102,185,198,389,438,496,502,505,614],"be":[25,332,365,374],"exhibited":[26],"important":[29],"landmarks":[30],"no":[32],"longer":[33],"around":[34],"due":[35,437],"damage":[37],"by":[38,112,240,480],"war":[39],"or":[40,143,295,312,327,531,536],"climate":[41],"change.":[42],"This":[43,434],"brings":[44],"a":[45,77,103,156,382,390,401,409,420,484,514,542,554,598],"need":[46,78,613],"for":[47,59,114,129,148,158,193,308,323,448,557,624,636],"further":[48],"research":[49],"how":[51,336,381,604,616],"obtain":[53],"transmit":[55],"accurate":[56],"information":[58],"texture,":[63],"three-D":[64],"artefacts,":[65],"reconstruction":[68],"lost":[70],"heritage":[73,391],"colours.":[74],"There":[75],"regain":[80],"an":[81,90,348,430,477],"understanding":[82],"cultural":[85,256],"implications":[86,417],"emerging":[91],"area":[92],"discussion":[94],"relation":[96],"resilience.":[98],"Cadmium":[99,124,246,340,362],"red":[100,247,337,341,363,383],"refers":[101],"chemical":[104,534],"has":[107,168,435,471],"been":[108,169],"used":[109,126,239,394],"loved":[111],"artists":[113],"centuries,":[115],"yet":[116,551],"this":[117,306,626],"extremely":[118],"toxic":[119,207],"under":[122],"threat.":[123],"batteries,":[128],"electroplating,":[130],"jewellery,":[131],"footwear,":[132],"course,":[135],"paint.":[136],"The":[137,243,300,367,458,494,517],"restrictions":[138],"on":[139,162,347,408],"cadmium,":[140,190],"like":[141],"chromium":[142],"mercury,":[144],"obviously":[146],"necessary":[147],"us":[149],"environment,":[152],"but":[153,280,611],"have":[154,307,593],"posed":[155],"problem":[157],"many":[159,356],"industries":[160],"reliant":[161],"these":[163,284],"materials.":[164,177],"A":[165],"key":[166],"challenge":[167,459],"costs":[171],"involved":[172],"remanufacture":[174],"using":[175,464],"alternative":[176],"In":[178,476,541],"context":[180],"new":[182,285,632],"legislation":[183],"relating":[184],"heavy":[186],"metals":[187],"such":[188],"ink":[191],"manufacturers,":[192],"example,":[194],"forced":[197],"reconsider":[199],"content":[201],"their":[203,298,469],"inks":[204],"replace":[206],"pigments":[208],"materials":[210,294],"with":[211,234,361,576,584,597],"environmentally":[213],"safer":[214],"versions.":[215],"Yet":[216],"despite":[217],"change":[219],"constituents":[222],"paint,":[225],"naming":[227,282,322],"traditions":[228],"so":[231],"closely":[232,379],"associated":[233,360,388],"art":[235],"history":[236],"still":[238],"paint":[241,325,330,354,450],"manufacturers.":[242],"romance":[244],"remains":[248,553],"even":[249],"though":[250],"distant":[251],"from":[252,271,292,419],"its":[253,619],"traditional":[254,351],"origins.":[257],"Many":[258],"pigment":[260],"colours":[261,451,535],"15th":[264],"16th":[266],"centuries":[267],"far":[269],"removed":[270],"dyes":[273],"acrylics":[275],"21st":[278,397],"century,":[279],"equivalents":[286],"uses":[287],"terminology":[289],"originally":[290],"generated":[291],"associations":[296],"forebears.":[299],"question":[301,518],"remains:":[302],"what":[303,521],"impact":[304],"does":[305],"restorer":[311],"conservator?":[314],"How":[315],"might":[316],"conventions":[317],"standards":[319],"manufacturer":[326],"domestic":[329],"industry":[331],"developed?":[333],"We":[334,376],"ask":[335],"available?":[345],"Based":[346],"inspection":[349],"contemporary":[353,609],"charts,":[355],"variations":[357],"hues":[359],"can":[364],"seen.":[366],"range":[368],"saturation":[370],"hue":[372,384],"will":[373],"explored.":[375],"also":[377,472],"look":[378],"at":[380,415],"loosely":[387],"name":[392],"century.":[398],"Albeit":[399],"seeming":[400],"somewhat":[402],"narrow":[403],"question,":[404],"predicated":[407],"much":[410],"larger":[411],"enquiry":[412],"looks":[414],"arising":[418],"situation":[421],"which":[423,577,585],"manifest":[425],"material":[427],"form":[428],"increasingly":[431],"rare":[432,515],"commodity.":[433,516],"occurred":[436],"rise":[440],"if":[441],"digital":[442],"fabrication":[443],"technologies,":[444],"redistributed":[445],"manufacturing,":[446],"applications":[447],"mimicking":[449],"brush":[453],"strokes,":[454],"2.5D":[456],"printing.":[457],"sustainability":[462],"sources":[467],"resilience":[470],"constrained":[473],"use.":[475],"apocryphal":[478],"story":[479],"Jasper":[481],"Fford":[482],"about":[483],"world":[485,543],"where":[486],"indeed":[489],"synthetic":[490],"(Shades":[491],"Grey:":[493],"Road":[495],"High":[497],"Saffron),":[498],"green":[499],"piped":[501],"grass":[504],"green,":[508],"collected":[512],"here":[519],"is:":[520],"future":[524],"–":[527],"computational":[529],"versions":[530],"facsimiles":[532],"salvaged?":[540],"seemingly":[545],"plenty,":[546],"our":[547,558,580,588,595,622],"resources":[548],"dwindling,":[550],"vital":[555],"resource":[556,627],"economy,":[559],"society":[560],"culture.":[562],"Our":[563],"diversity":[564],"geography":[566],"means":[567],"environmental":[569],"colour,":[570],"stuff":[575],"we":[578,586,612,617],"build":[579],"dwellings,":[581],"those":[583],"describe":[587],"built":[589],"natural":[591],"environments,":[592],"imbued":[594],"culture":[596],"wide":[599],"sensibility":[600],"respect":[602],"works":[606],"everyday":[608],"life,":[610],"understand":[615],"manage":[618],"integrity":[620],"language":[623],"describing":[625],"light":[630],"technology":[633],"care":[635],"lived":[638],"environment.":[639]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}